23
case, motivation, personal needs, and interests have a role in selecting stimuli. The second basic perceptual process is organization. In order to form a meaningful
pattern, the selecting stimuli should be organized. The last basic perceptual process is interpreting. After selecting stimuli and organized it into pattern, then make an
interpretation. Interpretation is influenced by some factors; they are life experiences, perceptual expectation, cultural factors, and personal motivations, needs, and interests
Huffman, Vernoy Vernoy, 2002; Bootzin, Loftus Zajonc, 1979 After selecting certain stimuli, someone can organize then interpret the stimuli
meaningfully. Furthermore, as the response of the stimuli, people will react to the stimuli in the form of behavioral response or attitudes whether the response is
negative or positive.
B. Theoretical Framework
Pictures have been implemented as media in teaching and learning process. The presence of pictures can help the teachers in creating a joyful atmosphere in the
classroom, especially for young learners. Based on the School Based Curriculum’s socialization, English learning for elementary school should be active, creative,
effective and joyful learning. Besides, pictures are also believed as effective media in helping the children in learning things. According to Pieget, children at the age of 7-
11 years old are categorizing in the concrete levels Clarke, 1985 in which children can solve problem in a concrete way. On the other hand, Hamalik 1994 states one of
the reasons in choosing pictures as media in teaching that is the level of pictures’
24
concreteness. He also believes that pictures can accommodate the children’s characteristics.
The other theories which also supported Hamalik’s theory are the functions of pictures. Rawntree 1990 mentions that amusment and description become two of
the pictures functions in which those functions can more deliberately motivate the learners in learning and can help the learners understand something that cannot be
explained in words alone. Therefore, these theories can help the researcher understands the role of pictures in teaching process especially teaching English to
young learners. Furthermore, in answering the first problem formulation, the researcher used
the theories about perception. The researchers need to know the definition of the perception to help the researcher in understanding how the perception is formed.
However, the way the teachers perceive something, whether it is in positive or negative way, influences the teachers’ behavioral responses Altman et.al, 1985: 86.
Therefore, the behavioral responses could be positive responses or negative responses and it depends on the teachers’ perception. If the teachers perceive the use of pictures
in teaching English to young learners in a positive way, the teachers’ behavioral responses would be positive, whereas, if the teachers perceive the use of picture in
teaching young learners in a negative way, the teachers’ behavioral responses would be negative. Besides finding the teachers’ perception on the use of pictures in
teaching English to young learners, the researcher also wants to find out the teachers’
25
recommendations on the use of pictures to maximize and to improve the use of pictures in teaching English to young learners.
26
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents specific discussion about the methodology of this study. There are six sections, including description of the research method, research
participants, research instruments, data gathering technique, data analysis technique and research procedure.
A. Research Method
In this research the researcher attempted to found the teachers’ perceptions on the use of picture in teaching English to young learners. To accomade the study, the
resercher conducted survey research. According to Wiersma 1995, survey is also used to answer the study, which is related to social and emotional aspects. In
addition, Ary, Jacobs and Ravazieh 2002:381 define a survey as a kind of research method for gathering data ranging from physical counts and frequencies to attitudes
and opinions by asking some questions of a group of people called respondents The survey of this study took the form both the questionnaire and interview. In order to
obtain clear information, the researcher collected the information from sample rather that from every member of population.
