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and understanding to each new learning situation. Anning 1991 adds that it is important to keep insight into the uniqueness of each child to respect their
individuality but we also need to concern and to recognize the similarities. Multiple intelligences are also known as one of learning styles. Berman
1998 said that we take in information in line with our learning style. If students are visual learning, they will mainly gain the information through eyes. In other case, if
students have mainly auditory learning style; therefore information will be learned through hearing, whereas if students have mainly bodily kinesthetic learning style,
they will easily learn something through movement or manipulating things. These three learning style provided by Berman 1998 are also suggested by Gardner 1993
in his theory of multiple intelligences. They are linguistic intelligence, logical- mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, musical intelligence, kinesthetic
intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, and intrapersonal intelligence Gardner, 1993
d. Teaching English to Young Learners
Berman 1998 mentions about learning style, he states there learning styles, such as visual learners, auditory learners and kinesthetic learners. There are some
teaching activities that can accommodate the learning styles. a. Visual learners
The learners understand the content of the lesson by seeing through their eyes. Therefore, teachers can present something that can be seen by the learners, such as
pictures, diagrams, videos and hand-outs. The techniques for this style can be games through pictures and watching movie.
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b. Auditory learners The learners will learn best through their ears. Therefore, the technique for this style
can be through songs. Children can learn something easily through songs. By listening to the songs, they can learn the pronunciation of words, numbers, and
animals. c. Kinesthetic learners
The learners will learn best by doing something and moving their body. The technique for this style can be TPR Total Physical Response. For example, children
can learn parts of body by touching their body and they can learn something by dancing or acting.
In addition to 7 intelligences introduced by Gardner 1993, Campbell et al. 1996 elaborates the intelligences into learning styles that consider children’s
characteristics. They are as follows. 1. Linguistic Intelligence
Teachers can provide models by playing with words. Therefore, story telling becomes one of familiar styles of linguistic intelligence in which young learners can develop
their intelligences in linguistic by using their ability in selecting words and language. 2. Logical Mathematical Intelligence
This intelligence is related with mathematic, science and logic and numbers. The most interesting technique which can be implemented to develop this intelligence is
problem solving.
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3. Visual-Spatial Intelligence This intelligence includes an aggregate of related skills that encompasses visual
recognition. In the ages of young learners, many visually oriented learners respond well to movies, television, slides, posters, colorful images Campbell et al, 1996. To
develop this intelligence there are techniques that can be implemented, such as, puzzle building, watching movie, drawing, coloring pictures, and observing pictures.
4. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence This intelligence is described as the ability to unite body and mind to perfect physical
performance. The technique for this intelligence are TPR Total Physical Response, dancing, acting, and sports.
5. Musical Intelligence Children immediately respond to music either appreciating or criticizing what they
hear. The techniques for this intelligence can be singing, playing instruments and remembering melodies.
6. Interpersonal Intelligence This intelligence enables us to deal and communicate with others. In the age of young
learners, it is a bit difficult to develop this, since they are more comfortable working by their own. That is why the teacher’s role is really important to encourage the
learners to works with others. Grouping will be the best way to develop this intelligence in teaching to young learners.
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7. Intrapersonal Intelligence This intelligence deals with personal activities. Teachers may ask the learners create a
thing that they are interested in, drawing a picture to express their feeling, and coloring pictures to show what they feel.
3. Perception and Perception Process
