Theory of Pedophilia Review of Related Theories

13 Issues said that a pedophile come from all social classes and they may be young or old, male or female. Their intelligence varies and their common feature is an abnormal sexual interest in children, although they may not desire children exclusively. About 50 are married and some are also attracted to other age- appropriate adults and the more commonly name for a pedophile is a child molester http:www.wingsfortruth.infowhatisapedophile.pdf. Many pedophiles begin with fantasizing and wondering if they can make their fantasies come true in real life. A pedophile may choose vulnerable children, those from divorced homes and children who are emotionally needy or unhappy, and the quiet ones. They also target children from certain types of families such as single-parented children, home alone-typed children, and who are less educated. Ryan and Richard Hall said that the reason why a pedophile chooses vulnerable children is because: a. A pedophile experience feelings of inferiority, isolation, loneliness, low self-esteem, and emotional immaturity. b. Their attraction to children usually began when they were adolescents, but may develop later in life. c. They are impulsive, have difficulty in controlling their behavior and resisting their urges. d. They have poor communication skills, lack empathy, may be socially retarded, have difficulty forming close relationships. e. Feel they are inherently “different”, by fate, default, or circumstances out of their control and responsibility. 14 f. Maintain a facade or “front” for the world to see; divide the world into me and them http:www.wingsfortruth.infowhatisapedophile.pdf. The following are four major characteristics that are typical, which were asserted by Sexual Assault Response Center, or SARC. The writer took from SARC’S official website, and SARC itself was first established in September 1977, as a part of the Mid-Columbia Mental Health Center. a. Long term persistent pattern of behavior, which are limited social contact as a teenagers, frequent and unexpected moves, planned, repeated, or high-risk attempts. b. Children as preferred sexual object, usually a pedophile lives alone, limited dating relationships if not married, age and gender preference, and refers to children as “clean”, “pure”, “innocent”, “impish”, etc, if married or have a special relationship with spouse a pedophile will marry someone who does not have high sexual expectations or need. c. Well-developed techniques obtaining victim, which means a pedophile identifies with children better than with adults, they can gain access to children, skilled at manipulating children, has hobbies and interests appealing children, and shows sexually explicit material to children. d. Sexual fantasies focusing on children, which are youth-oriented decorations in house or room, photographing of children, and collecting child pornography or child erotica http:www.sexualassaultresponsecenter.orgoffenders_0.aspx. 15 The last theory of pedophilia is taken from The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Pedophilia by Ray Blanchard, who is a member of the DSM-V Workgroup on Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders. He was named Head of Clinical Sexology Services in the Law and Mental Health Program of the CAMH, and serves as a Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto. Blanchard said that the variables of sexual experiences with children and sexual experiences with adults are influenced by many factors besides the patient’s preferences: a. Sexual interaction with consenting adults is legal in most jurisdictions, whereas sexual interaction with children is criminal offense, whether the children are consenting or not. b. Opportunities to meet adults and to be alone with adults in privacy are much greater than opportunities to meet unrelated children and to be alone with them. c. Social pressures would tend to push pedophiles to experiment sexual with adults in hopes of finding them acceptable sexual partners, whereas social mores would tend to discourage anyone, pedophilic or not, from experimenting sexually with children. d. Law and social norms would encourage pedophiles to make use of adults as “second-best” sexual outlets in place of children, but these factors discourage the use of children’s substitutes for adults Blanchard, 2009: 5. Blanchard said that a man who has erotic preference for children and who engages children sexually is a pedophile, regardless of his feelings about his situation, because sexual acts with children count as impairment. If a person does 16 not act on the fantasies or urges of pedophilia, he is not a pedophile. Furthermore, a person not distressed over the urges or fantasies and who just repeatedly masturbates to them has no disorder. On the other hand, if a person who is not distressed over them and has sexual contact with a child does have a mental disorder Blanchard, 2009: 3-4. In the next part of this chapter, the writer would like to highlight studies of experts of psychopathology, about the meaning of several human characteristics in order to give a prelude understanding about the main character, Humbert. The views of the characteristics that are taken are especially related to relationship between “man and woman”. There are four studies reviewed here, which help the writer to understand the characteristics better.

3. View on Jealous

Shauna Springer Ph.D from Clinical Psychology Associates of North Central Florida in her article titled Jealousy is a Dangerous Sword views that jealousy’s factor are comparison, competition, and the fear of being replaced. Jealousy can give a positive or negative effect to somebody. The negative effect or destructive forms of jealousy may stem from low self-esteem and insecurity which is further magnified by the real or imagined threat of losing the object of one’s affection. Issues of loss of a partner or family as well as loss of somebody’s closest bond can trigger anxiety as well depression http:cpancf.com articles_filesjealousyinrelationships.asp. Somebody feeling jealous is not always because of the loss of romantic love, since jealousy occurs in nonromantic relationships, it is not the loss of the 17 public appearance of a relationship, and since jealousy can occur if a partner is known to be attracted to another yet decides not to act on this attraction. Neu and Tov-Rauch 1980 in their hypothesis development said that one attractive characterization is that the threat of jealousy is the loss of another’s attention. They called this as ‘formative attention’ which is attention that sustains part of one’s self-concept Salovey, 1991: 15-16.

4. View on Possessive

Dr. George Simon Ph.D in his article Possessive Thinking and the Disturbed Character said that a person who is possessive views others as primarily an object of pleasure, which means as a vehicle to get something that he or she wants, or a potential obstacle in the way of something he or she desires. It becomes almost impossible for the person to consider them as persons with rights, needs, boundaries, or desires of their own http:counsellingresource.com features20081210possessive-thinking.

5. View on Obsessive

Dean A. Haycock, Ph.D said that obsessive is an uncontrollable idea, thought, image, or emotion that a person cannot help thinking, even though it creates significant distress or anxiety. Typical obsession include fear and worry about leaving things in their proper order, scary images involving violent acts, and images of sexual acts. Somebody with obsessions may act in compulsive ways in largely futile attempts to relieve the anxiety associated with their unpleasant thought http:www.minddisorders.comOb-PsObsession.htmlb. 18

6. View on Courageous

Courage refers to willingness for risk taking and movement forward in the presence of difficulties. Courage finds its expressions in our thoughts, feelings, and actions. Somebody cannot help but notice that the acts of courage are characterized by selflessness or other directedness Yang, 2010: 4. Jon Carlson, PsyD, EdD who is a professor of psychology and counseling in Governors State University said that there is a direct connection between courage and action in a socially responsible fashion. People with courage cooperate with others and are committed to social justice. Those who lack courage are engaged in dysfunctional living. Having courage leads to the ability to address the life tasks of work, love, and friendship Yang, 2010: xvi. 7. The Relationship between Literature and Psychology The theory of the relationship between literature and psychology is needed to support t he study of pedophilia reflected in Humbert’s characters and to emphasize the value of this study. Wellek and Warren in Theory of Literature said that there are four possibilities of understanding the psychological literature: first, is the study of the psychology of the author as a person or object; second, is the process of creative study; third, is the study of type and application of psychological conditions which are applied in a literary work; fourth, is the study of the effect that a literary work gives to the reader. This study used the third possibility of understanding. In certain cases, it is important to add artistic values on the knowledge of