16
B. Theoretical Framework
Those theories are very helpful to support the analysis of the study. The writer provides some theories related to the critical approach, they are theory of
character and characterization, theory of tradition, and theory of tragedy. First, the writer uses the theory related to the critical approach to help the
writer in analyzing the novel. The writer uses sociocultural-historical approach to accomplish the analysis. The sociocultural-historical approach leads us to analyze
the story in reference to the civilization in Japan. By using this approach it enables the writer to analyze the relation among the old traditions and life tragedy of
Chieko, one of the major characters of Yasunari Kawabata’s The Old Capital. Second, the writer uses the theory of character and characterization to
solve the first problem. Those theories are used to analyze what sort of character Chieko is described in the novel. This is also to obtain the description of Chieko’s
character. Third, the theory of tradition and the theory of tragedy are used to solve
the second problem the writer. The theory of tradition is used to identify the tragedies happened in Chieko’s life and the theory of tradition is used to identify
the kind of tradition in Japan. Those theories are used to support the analysis which deals with the reason why Chieko has to go through her tragic life.
17
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of three parts, namely Object of the Study, Approach of the Study, and Method of the Study. Object of the Study states the work being
discussed. Approach of the Study describes the approach used and the reasons for doing so, whereas Method of the Study explains the steps taken in analyzing the
novel and how the approach is applied to answer the questions formulated in the problem formulation in Chapter 1.
A. Object of the Study
In this thesis, the writer has chosen to analyze the novel The Old Capital. The author of The Old Capital, Yasunari Kawabata, was born in Osaka, Japan, on
14 June 1899. He is a very famous author in Japan. His novel The Old Capital is one of the three novels cited specifically by the Nobel Committee in 1968, when
they awarded Kawabata the Nobel Prize for Literature. The Old Capital
was originally published in 1962 and first translated into English in 1987 by J. Martin Holman; a revised edition of his translation was
published in 2006 by Counterpoint. The original version of The Old Capital is in the Japanese language and titled Koto. This novel consists of 182 pages and is
divided into nine chapters. The Old Capital was adapted into Japanese feature film by Noboru Nakamura in 1963; the film is known in English under the title
Twin Sisters of Kyoto ; this film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best
Kategori