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According to Azwar 1997: 79, “sample is a part population”. Arikunto, 2002: 110 claims that “a good sample is the one that represent the whole
population”. In determining the size of sample, Arikunto 2002: 112 says that “if the population is 100 respondents or less, it is better to take the whole population
is sample. If the population is more than 100 respondents, the researches can take 10-15, or more than 25 of the population based on the capability of
researches”.
3.2 Sample and Technique of Sampling
According to Arikunto 2002: 109, sample is part of representative of population, which is researched. As stated before, the population is the fifth graders of SD N
Kebonagung 2 in the academic year of 20082009. The total population is 36 students. Arikunto 2002: 112 says…”when the number of the subjects in a
research is less that one hundred, they, all, should be taken as he subject research”.
Sampling is an important step in conducting a research. The technique of sampling has to be conducted in such a way so that the sample represents the
whole population. Best 1981: 9 states that sampling is the individual observations or individuals are chosen in such a way that each has an equal
chance of being selected, and that each choice is independent of any other choice. In this study, the sample used was “the sample population” since all the
population was chosen as a sample.
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3.3 Data Collection
In doing a research, some of the data are needed to achieve the objectives of the research. Thus to collect the data, we have to do data collection. According to
Arikunto 2006: 232 data collection means to observe variable which will be observed by using interview, tests, observation, questionnaire, etc.
On the other side McNiff 1997: 77 also states that there are several techniques in collecting data based on Methods in Walker and Hopkin. The
methods in Walker and Hopkin are field notes, audio tape recording, pupil diaries, interviews, and discussion, video tape recording, questionnaire, sociometry,
documentary evidence, slidetape photography, and case study. Considering all those data collection methods, the writer come to a
decision to use some of them which were more appropriate to the class situation in which the writer would conduct her research. They were:
a. Test pre test and post test
Test is used to measure the extent of students’ achievement during the teaching learning process. In this research, the writer will give a series of
test, those are pre test, assessment test and post test. The pre test is intended to investigate the students’ initial condition; the assessment test is intended
to get the information of students’ improvement during the teaching and learning process; and the post test is intended to know the students’
achievement in the final of teaching and learning process.
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b. Questionnaire
The purpose of giving questionnaire is to get the information about the students’ personal responses after the teaching and learning process.
3.4 Instrument of the Study
