domination already constructed. It reinforces the leveled structure of men and women in society. This makes those subordinated are perceived as lesser figures of
importance. This means females are seen as inferior entities in a society. This inferiority stereotyping will then catalyze oppressions from those who are superior to
them. It will construct a hierarchy in a society and let the flow of oppressions towards females continues.
Female subordination differs from male domination that aggressively constructs male power. Subordination lies on how women are being perceived and
positioned. A ny attempt to cripple women‟s power is an act of subordination. This
subordination is caused by many factors and all of them need to be carefully identified in order to locate the real problem. According to Jaggar and Rothenberg
1993: 114, female subordination can only be completely removed by uprooting the core problem of it. Without proper knowledge on the factors of how women are
subordinated, it will be impossible to uproot the core problem. Thus, readjusting the position of subordinated women is only a dream. In the practices, subordinations to
women range in many forms. They can be in a form of a common conservative idea of biological determinism into broader social context based subordination.
2. War
a. The Constructed War Concept
War is never far from people. It is always narrated and introduced to people across times. From secular world to religious doctrines, war is always discussed,
scrutinized, and glorified as morally right or wrong. It is feared yet it is celebrated. War gives people irreplaceable tales continuously told from generation to generation.
The myth of war contributes in shaping people today in many aspects of life. Molesey 2010: 13 explains war as “the use of physical weapons and forces in a conflict that
may be expressed without the use of such weapons and forces ”. It is a conflict with or
without weapons. Meanwhile, Goldstein 2005: 3 prefers to define war as “lethal intergroup violence”. From both definitions, it can be taken two important matters i.e.
conflict and violence. War is deeply constituted by these two factors. Feminism and war is rarely gotten attention from people. Most people
believe that feminism and war is incompatible or even if it is not, the study of war is perceived as not really important to major challenges of feminism. Despite that, war
truthfully plays a key role in constructing mainstream gender establishment in society. Traditionalist
‟s beliefs pose women as biologically or physically incapable to participate in war. This idea makes war as an exclusive male field. Conflict and
violence are, then, associated as a male interest because women are less interested upon them. Consequently, conflict and violence embody male
‟s attributes while peace and tenderness embody female
‟s characteristics. This is where patriarchal tradition is affirmed and its gender concept is established. The problem of this
embodiment is people simply accept that binary result regardless what kind of war it is. War is seen simplistically as physical based and its multi meanings as well as its
multi forms of participation are disregarded. War, then, is “polarized and gendered”
