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In sentence 29, the word variety has meant a difference in kind.
2.4.2 Meaning relations
Meaning relations is also called sense or semantics relations. It is the relationships of meaning or sense that may be set up between two individual and
groups of lexical items. Semantic or meaning relations have eight terms Saeed 2003: 63 and that will be discussed in this thesis. They are synonymy, antonymy,
polysemy, hyponymy, homonymy, meronymy, member-collection, and portion mass.
2.4.2.1 Synonymy
The term ‘synonymy’ is derived from Greek word synonymy syn which means with together and onoma means name. So, synonymy means name together.
Two words or more together name the same object, action, event or quality.
Saeed 2003: 65 states that synonyms are different phonological words which have the same or very similar meaning. Moreover, synonymy is used to mean
‘sameness of meaning’ Palmer 1976: 59. So, we can say that synonym is when two or more words have similar meaning though they have different phonological and
morphological aspects. For examples:
30 Beautiful = Lovely
31 Fair = Objective
32 Unhappy = Sad
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The example 14, 15, and 16 are synonymy because the meaning of each word in each example is similar, although the word is different.
2.4.2.2 Antonymy
In the traditional terminology, antonyms are words which are opposites in meaning. Palmer 1976: 78 in his book states that “Words that are opposite is called
Antonymy”. Antonymy is often thought of as opposite of synonymy, but the status of the
two are very different. For language has no real need of true synonyms, and, as we have seen, it is doubtful whether any true synonyms exist. But antonymy is a regular
and very natural feature of language and can be defined fairly precisely. Saeed 2003: 66 divides antonym into two, they are:
Simple Antonym This is a relation between words such that the negative of one implies
the positive of the other. For examples:
33 Dead Alive
34 Pass Fail
Gradable Antonym This is the relationship between opposites where the positive of one
term does not necessarily imply the negative of the other. For examples:
35 The big ant is likely smaller than the small elephant.
36 The thick pencil is likely thinner that the thin boy.
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2.4.2.3 Polysemy
Sameness of meaning is not very easy to deal with but there seems nothing inherently difficult about difference of meaning. Not only different words have
different meanings; it is also the case that the same word may have a set of different
meanings. This is called polysemy Palmer 1976: 65.
For examples: 37
Crane : a. a bird,
b. a type of construction equipment 38
Present a. right now, the current moment
b. a gift c. to show or display e.g. Michael was next to present
d. to be physically somewhere e.g. Stephen was present at the meeting
2.4.2.4 Homonymy
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