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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Feminism
1. History of Feminism
Feminism is an awareness of patriarchal control, exploitation, and oppression at the
material and ideological levels of women’s labor, fertility, and sexuality, in the family, at the place work and in society in general and conscious
action by women and men the present situation.
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As a modern movement, feminism was born at the beginning of 20
th
centuries which Virginia Woolf was the pioneer in this movement in her writing “A Room of one’s own” in 1929
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. In the writing of feminist history, it is the broad view which predominates:
feminism is usually defined as an active desire to change women’s position to
society
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. Linked to this, the view of feminism is par excellence a social movement for change in the position of women. Its privileged form is taken to the political
movement, the self organization of a women’s politics. So, unquestioningly is feminism and women movements assumed to be co-terminus that theories of
feminism are often written by histories of the women movement, and times of appearance quiescence of feminism. This identity between feminism and women
movement is, moreover, part of the self image of contemporary feminism.
7
Suranjita Ray, op. cit. p. 4.
8
Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori, Metode, dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra: dari Strukturalisme Perspektif Wacana Naratif Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2006, cet. 2, p. 183.
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Theorizing feminism: Parallel Trends in the Humanities and social sciences, ed. Anne C. Herrmann and Abigail I. Steward USA: Westview Press, Inc., 1994, p. 9.
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On the other hand, Rosemarie Putnam Tong divided feminism became three wave feminism. First wave feminism was begun in 1880s. It was the first
basis of women movements. Then, second feminism was begun at the beginning 1960s. In this wave, there were questions about the representation of women
figures, and what was the meaning of “feminine”. Besides, in this second wave feminism appeared the reflection about women issues and also the birth of women
equality theories. Lastly, third wave feminism, in this period of time appeared some feminist theory related to contemporary thoughts for instance postmodern
feminist, multicultural feminist, postcolonial feminist, etc
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.
2. Feminist Theory
Kategori