THEMATIC PROGRESSION IN BUSINESS NEWS OF THE JAKARTA POST.

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A Thesis

THEMATIC PROGRESSION IN BUSINESS NEWS OF

THE JAKARTA POST

Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By :

Ahmad Fuadi

Registration Number: 8146111003

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2016

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ABSTRACT

Fuadi, Ahmad. Registration Number: 8146111003. Thematic Progression in Business News of The Jakarta Post. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Post Graduate School, State University of Medan, 2016.

This research dealt with the thematic progression in business news of The Jakarta Post. The objectives of this study were (1) to discover the thematic progression in business news of The Jakarta Post, (2) to describe the cohesive elements realized in thematic progression, (3) to explain the reasons of using thematic progression in business news. The data were obtained from the clauses of thematic progression in business news of The Jakarta Post. This research applied qualitative research design. The analysis of this research is done with Miles, Huberman, and Saldana’s Interactive Model (2014) which encompasses data dondensation, data display, and verification drawing conclusion. The findings of this study showed that (1) there are four types that used namely constant theme pattern, linear theme pattern, split rheme pattern, and split theme pattern. (2) the cohesive elements were realized in thematic progression of business news namely reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction. (3) the reason of using thematic progression were to make text applicable in narrative, argumentative, and expository genre.

Key words: textual function, thematic progression, cohesive elements, coherence level

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ABSTRAK

Fuadi, Ahmad. Nomor Registrasi: 8146111003. Thematic Progression di Berita Bisnis di Koran The Jakarta Post. A Thesis. Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris, Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Medan, 2016.

Penelitian ini mengenai thematik progresi di berita bisnis di koran The Jakarta Post. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk menemukan tipe tematik progresi, (2) untuk mengetahui elemen kohesi yang digunakan di theme dan (3) untuk mengetahui alasan mengapa penulis menggunakan tematik progresi di koran The Jakarta Post. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif. Analisis penelitian dengan menggunakan teori dari Miles, huberman, dan Saldana (2014) yang mengemukakan data condensation, data display, dan drawing conclusion. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) ada 4 tipe tematik progresi yaitu constant theme pattern, linear theme pattern, split rheme pattern, dan split theme pattern. (2) element kohesi yang direalisasikan adalah reference, substitusi, ellipsis, dan konjungsi. (3) alasan menggunakan tematik progresi adalah untuk membuat text tersebut sesuai dengan genre narasi, argumentasi dan eksposisi. Key words: fungsi textual, tematik progresi, element kohesi,

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iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the nama of Allah the most Gracious and the Most Merciful

First of all, I would like to say praise be to Allah SWT who has given chance and health to the writer in order could finish this thesis on time. And the second may peach and blessing to our prophet Muhammad SAW peace be upon him who has brought Islam and guided human to have good life and faith, may peach and blessing be upon his family.

The writer would like to express his first advisor Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd, and his second advisor Dr. Zainuddin, M.Hum, for their valuable advice, guidance, constructive comments and precious time spent out supervising and commenting this thesis until it appears in its present form.

His special grattitude goes to DR. Rahmad Husen, M.Ed, as the Head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and all Lectures, for the valuable knowledge and instruction they have imparted to him during the years studying.

Then, a very special debt of grattitude is directed to his beloved parents, Drs. Edi Felfori, S. Ag and Syafrida, S.Pd.I, and to my wife Nurhafizah, S.Pd.I, and son Althaf, whose love care and support and understanding have given me constant encouragement and inspiration. Together with his beloved brothers and sisters, Rizki, ST, Muhammad Iqbal, S.Pd, Amelia Rahmi, S.Pd.I and Khairun Nisa, for their full love, support, care, and prayers. the last but not least for specials friend Ahmad Fadli, M.Hum, and Nazli Fahada, M.Hum.

Finally, he must confess that he has done to accomplish his thesis but he is been aware that it is still far from being perfect. Therefore, any constructive criticsms, suggestions, or comments will be highly appreciated.

Medan, 24 Agustus 2016

Ahmad Fuadi

Regristration Number: 8146111003

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

ABSTRACT ...i

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...iii

TABLES OF CONTENTS ...iv

LIST OF FIGURES ...vii

LIST OF APPENDIX ...viii

LIST OF TABLES ...ix

CHAPTER I. INTODUCTION 1.1. The Background of The Study ...1

1.2 The Problem of The Study...5

1.3 The Objectives of The Study ...5

1.4 The Scope of the Study ... 5

1.5 The Significances of the Study ... 6

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Metafunction ... 7

2.2 Thematic Progression ...10

2.2.1 Constant Theme pattern... ...12

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2.2.3 Split Rheme Pattern ... .14

2.2.4 Derived Theme ... .16

2.3 Cohesive elements ... ...16

2.4 Context of Using Thematic Progression...18

2.5 Clause ... 21

2.6 Newspaper...24

2.7 The Jakarta Post...26

2.8 Relevant Studies...27

2.9 Conceptual Framework...30

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 The Research Design ...34

3.2 The Data and Source of Data ...35

3.3 The Technique of Data Collection ...35

3.4 The Technique for Analyzing Data ...35

3.5 The Trustworthiness ...38

CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4.1 Data ... ...41

4.2 Data Analysis ... ...41

4.2.1 Patterns of Thematic Progression ... .46

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4.2.1.2 Linear Theme Pattern ...48

4.2.1.3 Split Rheme Pattern ... ...49

4.2.1.4 Split Theme Pattern ...50

4.2.2 Realization of Cohesive Elements ... .55

4.2.2.1 Realization of Reference . ...55

4.2.2.2 Realization of Substitution . ...56

4.2.2.3 Realization of Ellipsis... ... ...57

4.2.2.4 Realization of Conjunction... ... ...57

4.2.2 Reason of Thematic Progression ... .58

4.3 Findings ... ...59

4.3 Discussions ... ...59

CHAPTER V. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 5.1 Conclusions... ...62

5.2 Suggestions ... ...62

REFERENCES ... ...64

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vii

LIST OF FIGURES

Pages

Figure 2.1 Sentence Constituency ...23

Figure 2.2 Constituency of a Clause ...23

Figure 2.3 Conceptual Framework.. ...31

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viii

LIST OF APPENDICES

Pages Appendix I. The Clauses ...63 Appendix II. Thematic Progression of The Clauses ... 74 Appendix III. Types of Thematic Progression ... 86

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LIST OF TABLES

Pages

Table 1.1 Theme and Rheme...3

Table 2.1 Grammatical Cohesion...17

Table 2.1 Examples of Rank...22

Table 4.1 Selecting Data...42

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1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of the Study

Language has an important roles in our daily life. It used to interact with others in society. It unites different people to be in a family, in a ethnic, in a country, even in a world society. It is hard to imagine how people convey messages without a language. In this case, language is identified as a means of communication.

Communication is a process by which information is ex-changed between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior (Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary 1981: 225). By communicating using language, human can interpret their ideas, thought, reality, concept or feeling and give information to other. There are three components of communication process, they are: (1) the participants (2) the information to be communicated and (3) a means that is used in communication. The third component that is a means of communication can be in the form of language, sign, gesture, etc. According to Chaer (1995:26) there are two kinds of communication based on the means that is used. They are non-verbal and verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is a communication using a means except language, such as light, whistle, gesture, etc. While verbal communication is a communication that uses language as its means. What most people mean when they say “language” is talk, communication, and discourse.

The primary aim of communication in whichever medium is to transmit ideas, thoughts or feelings and give information to other. Communication is a

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process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behaviour (Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary 1981: 225). The process normally involves two participants, the speaker or writer and the listener or reader. The success of the process however depends on a large extend on the packaging and structuring of the message.

As one of the verbal communication, newspaper is a tool to deliver the message to the, because everyone can read newspaper wherever they are, by the low cost, interesting topic and easy to find. Those make newspapers are always interesting to read.

Newspapers are probably still the most read today, in hard copy or online. Newspaper as a communication medium is one of the mass media which has an important role in delivering its ideas to people. The mass media are vehicles that carry the message to the mass audience in presenting a report of an action. Based on the functional grammar, the language used in newspapers will be different from the language used in other news and different topics such as politic, business, science and sport news.

The information in newspaper articles is organised through structuring of a clause into two parts, theme (the first part of a clause) and rheme (the remainder), or given and new information, respectively. What then moves a news forward as a whole is thematic progression, by which the theme and rheme of a clause link up with those of other clauses.

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Table 1.1 Identifying Theme and Rheme Theme Rheme

The duke My aunt That teapot

Has given my aunt that teapot

Has been given that teapot by the duke The duke has given to my aunt

Thematic progression functions as an important means of achieving coherence news text, by holding onto text-based coherence at the level with lexical and grammatical devices and reader-based coherence at the global level by a requisite of consistent ideas.

Context of using thematic progression is classified by Werlich (1976:115) as the rhetorical quality by which all of the parts are clearly and smoothly joined to each other. It refers to the understanding that the reder derives from the text, which may be more or less coherent depending on a number of factors, such as prior knowledge and reading skill, coherence is sometimes contrasted with cohesion which means the lexical and grammaticl items in a text. Halliday and Hasan (1976), whereas coherence refers to the less tangible ways of connecting discourse which are not overt and which reside in how people interpret texts rather than in the texts themselves.

The Jakarta Post is a daily English language newspaper in Indonesia. The paper is owned by PT Bina Media Tenggara, and the head office is in the nation's capital, Jakarta. The Jakarta Post was started as a collaboration among four Indonesian media under the urging of Information Minister Ali Murtopo and

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politician Jusuf Wanandi. After the first issue was printed on 25 April 1983, it spent several years with minimal advertisements and increasing circulation. After a change in chief editors in 1991, it began to take a more vocal pro-democracy point of view. It is targeted at foreigners and educated Indonesians, although the middle-class Indonesian readership has increased. Noted for being a training ground for local and international reporters, The Jakarta Post has won several awards and been described as being "Indonesia's leading English-language daily". The Jakarta Post is a member of Asia News Network.

“The three Southeast Asian countries grouped in the International Tripartite Rubber Council (ITRC) will cut exports by 615,000 tons in the six months until Aug. 31. Indonesia agreed to cut its exports by 238,736 tons, while Malaysia and Thailand pledged to reduce their overseas shipments by 52,259 tons and 324,005 tons, respectively”.

Clause 1 The three Southeast Asian countries grouped in the International Tripartite Rubber Council (ITRC) will cut exports by 615,000 tons in the six months until Aug. 31.

Clause 2 Indonesia agreed to cut its exports by 238,736 tons,

Clause 3 while Malaysia pledged to reduce their overseas shipments by 52,259 tons .

Clause 4 and Thailand pledged to reduce their overseas shipments by 324,005, respectively.

Based on the primary data, the researcher found another pattern of thematic progression in business news. That is Split Theme Pattern. Based on McCabe (1999) a new pattern of thematic progression is split theme. Split theme

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refers to when a theme may contain more than one idea, and these ideas are developed in different subsequent clauses. Therefore, the researcher is interested to do further research on the Thematic Progression in Business News of The Jakarta Post.

1.2 The Problems of the Study

Based on the background of the study, the problems of the study will be formulated as the following.

1. What patterns of thematic progression are used in business news of The Jakarta Post ?

2. How are the cohesive elements realized in theme of business news of The Jakarta Post?

3. Why are the thematic progression used in the ways they are?

1.3 The Objectives of the Study

In relation to the problems, this study will:

1. discover the patterns of thematic progression which are used in Business news of The Jakarta Post.

2. Describe how the cohesive elements realized in theme of Business News of The Jakarta Post.

3. Explain the reasons of using thematic progression in Business News of The Jakarta Post.

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1.4 The Scope of the Study

This study will investigate the thematic progression patterns in business news of The Jakarta Post. The aspects will be observed (linear thematic progression, constant thematic progression, split theme progression and split rheme progression), and the context of using thematic progression in business news of The Jakarta Post.

1.5 The Significances of the Study

The findings of this study are expected to be useful theoretically and practically:

Theoretically, the findings are expected to enrich the theories of thematic progression in business news and also will be valuable as reference for students who want to do further research on thematic progression.

Practically, the findings of this study are expected to contribute faithful information about thematic progression for students, teachers or lecturers. For students, they can enrich their knowledge about thematic progression. For teachers or lecturers, they can use it to support teaching and learning materials related to the thematic progression.

The findings of this study are expected to know the patterns of thematic progression in business news of The Jakarta Post.

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62 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 CONCLUSIONS

This study was concerned on the thematic progression in business news of The Jakarta Post. It was aimed at describing the patterns of thematic progression and the way of cohesive elements used in business news and the reasons of using thematic progression in business news of The Jakarta Post. After all the data have been analyzed, the conclusion can be stated as the following.

1. There are only three of four patterns of thematic progression that found in business news of The Jakarta Post, they are constant theme pattern, linear theme pattern, and split rheme pattern.

2. There are only three context (genre) that found in business news of The Jakarta Post. They were narrative, expository, and argumentative.

3. The used of thematic progression depend on what kinds of pattern that used, if the writer used constant theme pattern usually the writer want to make in narrative form, while the pattern is linear theme pattern, the writer want to make in argumentative form, and if the writer used split rheme or theme, so the writer want to make in expository form or genre.

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5.2 SUGGESTIONS

The suggestions are as the following:

1. It is suggested for the other researchers to study about language structure in business news, social, etc to analyze the clauses used by the speaker or writer.

2. It is suggested for other researcher who want to elaborate the study about thematic progression to do the research in other fields, such as politics, or even in teaching learning process.

3. It is suggested for the students who want to study aboutthe theory of thematic progression ( patterns of thematic progression, and in what context the thematic progression used) in social interaction or to apply in other field also.

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REFERENCES .

Alboghobeish, A. K. & Sedghi H. 2014. Information Structure in Arabic Research Article Abstract. International Journal of English and Education, vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 2278-4012.

Anwar, R. 1991. Bahasa Jurnalistik dan Komposisi. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita.

Beaugrande, R. De and Dressler, W. 1981. Introduction to Text Linguistics. London: Longman.

Bamforth, R. 1992. ‘Process Versus Genre: Anatomy of a False Dichotomy’. Prospect, 8/1: 89-99.

Bhatia, V.K. 1993. Analysing Genre: Language Use in Professional Settings. Longman. Bloor, T. & Bloor, M. 1995. The Functional Analysis of English: A Halidayyan Approach,

London: Arnold.

Bloor, T. & Bloor, M. 1997: The Functional Analysis of English . London: Arnold. Christie, F. 1985. Language Education. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Daňes F. 1974: “Functional sentence perspective and the organisation of the text”, in F.Daneš (ed), Papers on functional sentence perspective, Mouton : La Hague, 106-128.

Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. 1994. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Eggins, S. 2004. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics (2nd ed.). New

York: Continuum.

Eiler, M. 1986. Thematic Distribution as a Heuristic for Written Discourse function. In B. Couture (ed.).

Emery, M. Edwin, E, & Nancy, L. R. 2000. The Press and America. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Enkvist, N.E. 1974. “Theme Dynamics and Style: an Experiment.” Studia Anglica

Posnaniensia 5: 127-135.

Folkerts, J & Dwight, L. 2002. Voices of a Nation. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Francis, G. 1989. “Thematic selection and distribution in written discourse.” Word 40, 201-221.

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65 4: 51-87.

Gerot, L & Wignell, P. 1994. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Australia: Gerd Stabler.

Ghadessy, M. 1995. Thematic development and its relationship to registers and genres. In M. Ghadessy (Ed.), Thematic development in English text. pp. 129 –126.

Halliday, M.A.K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar, London: Edward Arnold. Halliday, M.A.K. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Second Edition.

London: Edward Arnold.

Halliday, M.A.K. and Matthiessen, Christian M.I.M. 2004. An Introduction to Functional

Grammar. Third Edition. London: Edward Arnold.

Hamka, 2009. Theme and Rheme in Children’s song Textbook: Getting Started in English. Unpublished Thesis, English Applied Linguistics Study Program. Medan: Postgraduate Program, State University of Medan.

Hatim, B. and Mason, I. 1990. Discourse and the Translator. London: Longman

Hawes, T. & S. Thomas. 1997. “Problems of thematization in student writing.” RELC

Journal 28:35, 35-54.

Hawes, T. 2010. Thematic Progression and Rhetoric in Sun and Times Editorials: 1991-2008. Rice Working Papers in Linguistics. Vol. 2, Spring.

Hornby, E. 2001. Learner’s Dictionary. London: Longman.

Jing, W. 2015. Theme and Thematic Progression in English Writing Teaching. Journal of Practice. Vol. 6, No. 21, 2015.

Kenez, P. 1985. The Birth of the Propaganda State: Soviet Methods of mass Mobilization, 1917-1929. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University.

Khedri, M. & Ebrahimi S. F. 2012. The Flow of Information in English and Persian Academic Text. Journal of Language teaching and Research, Vol. 3 No. 6, pp. 1175-1179.

Marfuaty, F. A. 2015. An Analysis of Thematic Progression Patterns: Opinion Section Texts of The Jakarta Post.

Martin, J. R. 1993. `Technicality and Abstraction: Language for the Creation of Specialized Texts'. In M.A.K. Halliday & J. R. Martin Writing Science: Literacy

and DiscursivePower. London: The Falmer Press: 203-220.

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66 Francis, & E. Tognini-Bonelli (eds.). Text and Technology: in honour of John

Sinclair. Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 95-114.

Miles, B. Matthew, Huberman, A. Michael, & Saldafia, Johny. (2014). Qualitative Data

Analysis: a Methods Sourcebook. Edition 3. USA: SAGE

Miller, G. 2001. Ambiguos Words. IMP Magazine.

McCabe, A. 1999 . Theme and Thematic Patterns in Spanish and English History Texts. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Aston University.

Rahmawati, A. Thematic Progression In Descriptive and Recount Texts Written By Nursing Students. The 3rd_{University Colloquium 2016. ISSN 2407-9189}

Saragih, A. 2006. Bahasa Dalam Konteks Sosial. Medan: Pasca Sarjana Unimed.

Sharndama, E. C. & Panamah, J. H. 2013. Thematic Structure and Progression in Selected Business News Reports of Two Nigerian Newspapers: Implications for Professional Writing. Journal of Arts and Humanities (JAH), Volume-2, No.-7, August,2013.

Swales, J.M. 1981. Aspects of Article Introductions. Aston ESP Research Reports No. 1, Birmingham, UK: University of Aston Language Studies Unit.

Vande Kopple, W.J. 1985. `Some Exploratory Discourse on Metadiscourse'. College

Composition and Communication, 36/1: 82-94.

Wang, L. 2007. Theme and Rheme in The Thematic Organization of Text: Implication for Teaching Academic Writing. Asian EFL Journal, 9.1, 1-11.

Werlich, E. (1976) A Text Grammar of English. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer.

Wu, H. W. 2003. Reading Narrative and Expository Texts: An Interactive into the Reading Strategies Used by Vocational High School Students in Taiwan.

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1.4 The Scope of the Study

1.5 The Significances of the Study

The findings of this study are expected to be useful theoretically and practically:

The findings of this study are expected to know the patterns of thematic progression in business news of The Jakarta Post.

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CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 CONCLUSIONS

1. There are only three of four patterns of thematic progression that found in business news of The Jakarta Post, they are constant theme pattern, linear theme pattern, and split rheme pattern.

2. There are only three context (genre) that found in business news of The Jakarta Post. They were narrative, expository, and argumentative.

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5.2 SUGGESTIONS

The suggestions are as the following:

1. It is suggested for the other researchers to study about language structure in business news, social, etc to analyze the clauses used by the speaker or writer.

2. It is suggested for other researcher who want to elaborate the study about thematic progression to do the research in other fields, such as politics, or even in teaching learning process.

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Alboghobeish, A. K. & Sedghi H. 2014. Information Structure in Arabic Research Article Abstract. International Journal of English and Education, vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 2278-4012.

Anwar, R. 1991. Bahasa Jurnalistik dan Komposisi. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita.

Beaugrande, R. De and Dressler, W. 1981. Introduction to Text Linguistics. London: Longman.

Bamforth, R. 1992. ‘Process Versus Genre: Anatomy of a False Dichotomy’. Prospect, 8/1: 89-99.

Bhatia, V.K. 1993. Analysing Genre: Language Use in Professional Settings. Longman.

Bloor, T. & Bloor, M. 1995. The Functional Analysis of English: A Halidayyan Approach, London: Arnold.

Bloor, T. & Bloor, M. 1997: The Functional Analysis of English . London: Arnold. Christie, F. 1985. Language Education. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Daňes F. 1974: “Functional sentence perspective and the organisation of the text”, in F.Daneš (ed), Papers on functional sentence perspective, Mouton : La Hague, 106-128.

Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. 1994. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Eggins, S. 2004. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics (2nd ed.). New York: Continuum.

Eiler, M. 1986. Thematic Distribution as a Heuristic for Written Discourse function. In B. Couture (ed.).

Emery, M. Edwin, E, & Nancy, L. R. 2000. The Press and America. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Enkvist, N.E. 1974. “Theme Dynamics and Style: an Experiment.” Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 5: 127-135.

Folkerts, J & Dwight, L. 2002. Voices of a Nation. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Francis, G. 1989. “Thematic selection and distribution in written discourse.” Word 40, 201-221.

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65 4: 51-87.

Gerot, L & Wignell, P. 1994. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Australia: Gerd Stabler.

Ghadessy, M. 1995. Thematic development and its relationship to registers and genres. In M. Ghadessy (Ed.), Thematic development in English text. pp. 129 –126.

Halliday, M.A.K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar, London: Edward Arnold. Halliday, M.A.K. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Second Edition.

London: Edward Arnold.

Halliday, M.A.K. and Matthiessen, Christian M.I.M. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Third Edition. London: Edward Arnold.

Hatim, B. and Mason, I. 1990. Discourse and the Translator. London: Longman

Hawes, T. & S. Thomas. 1997. “Problems of thematization in student writing.” RELC Journal 28:35, 35-54.

Hawes, T. 2010. Thematic Progression and Rhetoric in Sun and Times Editorials: 1991-2008. Rice Working Papers in Linguistics. Vol. 2, Spring.

Hornby, E. 2001. Learner’s Dictionary. London: Longman.

Jing, W. 2015. Theme and Thematic Progression in English Writing Teaching. Journal of Practice. Vol. 6, No. 21, 2015.

Kenez, P. 1985. The Birth of the Propaganda State: Soviet Methods of mass Mobilization, 1917-1929. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University.

Khedri, M. & Ebrahimi S. F. 2012. The Flow of Information in English and Persian Academic Text. Journal of Language teaching and Research, Vol. 3 No. 6, pp. 1175-1179.

Marfuaty, F. A. 2015. An Analysis of Thematic Progression Patterns: Opinion Section Texts of The Jakarta Post.

Martin, J. R. 1993. `Technicality and Abstraction: Language for the Creation of Specialized Texts'. In M.A.K. Halliday & J. R. Martin Writing Science: Literacy and DiscursivePower. London: The Falmer Press: 203-220.

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Francis, & E. Tognini-Bonelli (eds.). Text and Technology: in honour of John Sinclair. Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 95-114.

Miles, B. Matthew, Huberman, A. Michael, & Saldafia, Johny. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: a Methods Sourcebook. Edition 3. USA: SAGE

Miller, G. 2001. Ambiguos Words. IMP Magazine.

McCabe, A. 1999 . Theme and Thematic Patterns in Spanish and English History Texts. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Aston University.

Rahmawati, A. Thematic Progression In Descriptive and Recount Texts Written By Nursing Students. The 3rd_{University Colloquium 2016. ISSN 2407-9189}

Saragih, A. 2006. Bahasa Dalam Konteks Sosial. Medan: Pasca Sarjana Unimed.

Swales, J.M. 1981. Aspects of Article Introductions. Aston ESP Research Reports No. 1, Birmingham, UK: University of Aston Language Studies Unit.

Vande Kopple, W.J. 1985. `Some Exploratory Discourse on Metadiscourse'. College Composition and Communication, 36/1: 82-94.

Wang, L. 2007. Theme and Rheme in The Thematic Organization of Text: Implication for Teaching Academic Writing. Asian EFL Journal, 9.1, 1-11.

Werlich, E. (1976) A Text Grammar of English. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer.

Wu, H. W. 2003. Reading Narrative and Expository Texts: An Interactive into the Reading Strategies Used by Vocational High School Students in Taiwan.

THEMATIC PROGRESSION IN BUSINESS NEWS OF THE JAKARTA POST.

A Thesis