TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract i
Abstrak ii
Acknowledgements iii
Table of
Contents iv
List of Figures vii
List of Tables ix
List of Abbreviations, Signs, and Symbols x
CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1 1.2
Problems Statements
3 1.3
Objectives of
Project 3
1.4 Scope
of Project
4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Cutting
Fluid 5
2.1.1 Principle of Cooling and Lubrication 5
2.1.2 Cooling Ability of Cutting Fluids 6
2.1.3 Types
of Cutting
Fluids 8
2.1.3.1 Straight
Oil 8
2.1.3.2 Soluble
Oil 8
2.1.3.3 Synthetic
Fluid 8 2.1.3.4
Semi-synthetic Fluid
9 2.1.4
Cutting Fluid
Selection Criteria
10 2.1.5
Cutting Fluid
Application Methods
12 2.1.6
Benefits of
Cutting Fluid
14 2.1.7 Cutting Fluid Health Hazards and Recycling
15 2.2
Palm Oil
16 2.2.1
Introduction 16
iv
2.2.3 Palm Oil Vegetables Oil to Become Cutting Fluids 17
2.3 Introduction
of Milling
18 2.3.1
Milling Operation
19 2.3.1.1
Face Milling
19 2.3.2
Method of
Milling 19
2.3.2.1 Up
Milling 19
2.3.3 Machining
Parameter 20
2.3.3.1 Cuffing Speed, Depth of Cut and Feed Rate 20
2.4 Workpiece
Materials 21
2.5 Cutting
Tool 21
2.5.1 Cutting
Tool Materials 21
2.5.2 High
Speed Steel
22 2.6
Introduction of
Surface 22 2.6.1
Roughness 23
2.6.2 Waviness
24 2.6.3
Surface Roughness
24 2.6.4 Method to Analyze Surface Roughness
24 2.6.4.1 Average Roughness R
a
24
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
26 3.1.1
Project Planning
26 3.2
Items Selection
for Project
30 3.2.1
Selection of
Machine 30
3.2.2 Selection
of Cutting
Fluid 31
3.2.2.1 Bacteriostatic Emulsifiable Oil Coolant FUCHS 32
3.2.3 Selection of Additional Compound Palm
Oil 33
3.2.4 Selection
of Workpiece
Material 33
3.2.5 Selection
of Cutting
Tool 34
3.2.6 Selection
of Parameters
35 3.2.7
Selection of
Method for
Analysis 36
3.2.7.1 Method to Analyze Surface Roughness 36
v
3.2.7.2 Method to Observe the Surface Texture 37
3.3 Experiment
Procedure 38
3.3.1 Experiment
Flowchart 39
3.3.2 Coolant
Preparation 39
3.3.3 Cutting
Tool Preparation
40 3.3.4
Workpiece Preparation 40
3.3.5 Machining
Parameter 40
3.3.6 Machining
and Analysis
Procedure 41
3.3.6.1 Milling
Machine Procedure
41 3.3.6.2 Surface Roughness Tester SJ-301 Procedure
42 3.3.6.3
Metallurgy Microscope
Procedure 42
CHAPTER 4: RESULT
4.1 Introduction
43 4.2
Surface Roughness
Analysis 44
4.2.1 Relationship between Surface Roughness and Machining Time 45
4.2.2 Relationship between Surface Roughness and Cutting Speed 46
4.3 Surface
Texture Analysis
48
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION
