An Analysis of Minke’s Personality on Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Novel “This Earth of Mankind”
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Chapter I of this thesis presents background of study, statement of problems,
purpose of study, significant of study, scope and limitation, and definition of key
term. Each section is presented as follows:
1.1 Background of Study
Literature is the part of expression of thought in language. According to
Newman (2003:573), literature is the expression of thought in language, where by
thought such as ideas, feeling, views, reasoning and other operations of human
mind. Literature consist in the enunciations and teaching of those who have the
right to speak as representatives of their kind and in whose word a record of their
own experience and suggestion for their own judgment.
A work of literature does not come in its own criticism fast. It means, the
author does not suddenly get mysterious blessing then create a literature.
Literature is created by the author life toward his experience, idea, reflection, and
culture recording about something in around environment then the writer makes it
as a prose or poem.
Literature can be poem and prose. Kinds of prose are short story, novel,
biography and autobiography. So, one of kinds of literature is prose that can be in
the form of novel.
1
Novel can gives big benefit to human development and life. It is suitable with
the statement that novelist can educate more about human life than psychologist.
The novelist can teach the reader more about human nature than the psychologist
(Wellek, 1993:34).
There are more theories to analyze novel. The theory of literature is telling
about nature and function of literature. Among the theories to explain the meaning
of literature is genetic structuralism. According to Ratna (2008:91), structuralism
means concept about elements that can stand between the relations. On the other
hand, the elements have relation with the totalities. So, that is why literature and
the author is very mutually influence one another.
The researcher uses Genetic Structuralism as a foundation to analyze the novel
This Earth of Mankind. Genetic Structuralism is a theory proposed by Goldmann
from France. In details, Goldmann attempts to analyze the literary work from two
elements, those are: intrinsic and extrinsic element. According to Teeuw (1995:7),
“Reading a literature is reading an author’s ideology. As far the ideology means
the world of principle.”
The analysis with genetic structuralism shows that literature is a reflection of
era. Literature can tell about social aspect, culture, politic, and economic. The
important tragedy in its era will be directly connected with the intrinsic elements
of literature.
Intrinsic element is the structure of literary work and the extrinsic element is
the social condition, history, and cultural creation that form the literary work like
2
novel. According to Clarke (1975:156), culture has creation from many sectors of
human behavior.
In short, genetic structuralism has three things focus analysis. First is the
analysis of intrinsic element. Second is the analysis about social life the author
because the author is the part of certain society. The last is analysis about social
culture background and history that make a literature created by author.
In the previous study conducted by Nur’aini (2009) with the title Genetic
Structuralism Analyses “Lucky Jim” by Kingsley Aims, tells how to analyze
novel with genetic structuralism. She suggests, to analyze a novel use genetic
structuralism theory, researcher should know historical background related to the
novel, the author background, when and where the author creates. The advantage
using this theory is that we not only take the message from novel but also can
understand the historical background.
In this section, the researcher is interested in analyzing This Earth of Mankind.
It was a novel that could not circulated in Orde Baru Era. This Earth of Mankind
written by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. He was a member of Lembaga Kebudayaan
Rakyat (Lekra), an organization under control of Partai Komunis Indonesia
(PKI).
The tragedy G30S/PKI on 1965 becomes turning point in the life of
Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The background of the author who suspected as a
communist was a reason for government to close the publication of his novels.
Even Pramoedya said that he was not a communist, but humanist.
3
Pramoedya Ananta Toer was under arrested and being a prison during 14 years
without litigation. He was exiled to Buru Island, Maluku on August 1964. In Buru
Island, Pramoedya writes novel This Earth of Mankind although government
prohibits writing during detention on the Island of Buru. This Earth of Mankind
tells about Minke as a main character that was affected European culture.
Minke represents a young student who was amazed at everything about
Europe. In the other situation, Minke should be blasted in another personally
opposing, Nyai Ontosoroh. Nyai Ontosoroh represents another product of
European culture. She was being a ‘gundik’ - mistress, when she was young. That
was the culture with no less primitive of Javanese kings.
The attitude of Minke who left his culture also happens to the young student in
Indonesia. A lot of students in Indonesia like modern culture than traditional. One
the example is losing of respect of teenagers when they are passing in front of
their parents without bow down. That is impolite sometime. According to Adeney
(2005:327), “People from overseas give more effect because their attitude not
common. Some of them are well and others no”. Its actions are not represented
attitude by Indonesians who are known well.
This thesis is important because the researcher analyses novel This Earth of
Mankind. It is a popular novel in the world, but in Indonesia like a stepchild. One
thing that make researcher is interested in analyzing Novel This Earth of Mankind
is because the novel is very close with the researcher’s world as a history and
history lover.
4
1.2 Statement of Problem
1. What is Minke’s personality in the novel This Earth of Mankind by
Pramoedya Ananta Toer?
2. How does Minke deal’s with his personality in the novel This Earth of
Mankind?
1.3 Purpose of Study
1. To find out Minke’s personality in the novel This Earth of Mankind by
Pramoedya Ananta Toer.
2. To find out how Minke deal’s with his personality in the novel This Earth
of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer.
1.4 Significant of Study
Researcher hopes the result of this research can be useful to a reader who
wishes to know about Genetic Structuralism Approach especially for the student
of English Department in University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
This analysis is description of the importance of reading a novel for education.
Education helps human being to solve problem in the life. So the reader can use it
to anticipate some problems that happen in the daily activity.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
This analysis is concentrated on Minke’s personality in facing two different
cultures. The researcher realizes can not analyze all of the aspects in the novel, for
5
this reason the researcher limits on Minke as a main character of the novel This
Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer.
1.6 Definition of Key Term
1. Analysis is show how systematic much of that behavior is and do so in a
rather surprising way (Wardhaugh, 2006:233).
2. Genetic Structuralism is the idealism of seeing worldviews as purely
conceptual entities, to be established at the level of conceptual thought
alone; as purely intellectual rather than social and practical problems
(Belo-Kano, 2001:103).
3. Pramoedya Ananta Toer is an Indonesian author of novels, short stories,
essays, dramas, and histories. The Dutch imprisoned him from 1947 to
1949. Orde Lama had imprisoned him from 1969 to 1979.
4. Novel is a book-length story in prose in which the author tries to create the
sense that while the readers read, they experience actual life (Kenney,
1996:52).
5. This Earth of Mankind is the first edition of Buru Quartet. It is a novel
which is emphasizes the social conflict of the main character, Minke
against colonialist.
6
An Analysis of Minke’s Personality
on Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Novel
“This Earth of Mankind”
Thesis
BY
BENNI INDO
09360262
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MALANG
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
2014
Motto and Dedication
“Tahu kau mengapa aku sayangi kau lebih dari siapa pun? Karena kau menulis. Suaramu tak
kan padam ditelan angin, akan abadi, sampai jauh, jauh di kemudian hari.”
“Orang boleh pandai setinggi langit, tapi selama ia tidak menulis, ia akan hilang di dalam
masyarakat dan dari sejarah. Menulis adalah bekerja untuk keabadian.”
PramoedyaAnantaToer
I dedicate this thesis to my life
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah! By the grace of Allah, the unforgettable love, I have
finished writing this thesis. Within His love, I am able to do the best in
composing my thesis.
The deepest thanks to my inspiration, Pramoedya Ananta Toer who give
me chance to know you and your art in literature. Although we never meet and
shake the hand, I can listen to your voice and look your life.
I also dedicate my great gratitude to my advisors, Mrs. Rina Wahyu
Setyaningrum and Dian Arsitades Wiranegara, who gave their guidance,
opinion, time, suggestion, and their motivation in completing the thesis.
My highest appreciation is spent to my beloved parents, my pap’s Aridi
and my mom’s Jamilah, who always give their true love and support for me for
all this time. To my beloved brother, Fariz Beni Adam, thanks for your support,
also for my big lovely family in Banyuwangi.
A very special thanks goes out to Dr. Arief Budi Wurianto who always
has time to discuss with me. Dr. Arief is the teacher who never gets bored
telling to me about history, culture, literature and the philosophy of arts.
The sincere thanks to my journalist friends, my lovely organization
Didaktik, Bestari, and Focus that give me a place to develop my talents. I would
also like thanks to members in solider.or.id and SIGAB.
The last but not the least, thanks to my friend Rizky Budi Rahayu,
Mohammad Lutfi Hakim, Ainur Trihana, thanks for your support. To all my
friends in the class, thank you for all these beautiful memories. And all of my
friend that cannot mention them one by one. May God bless us, amien!
Malang, 15th September 2014
The writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL
LEGALIZATION
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.6 DEFINITION KEY TERM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .6
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 LITERATURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
2.2 NOVEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 KINDS OF NOVEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
2.4 ELEMENTS OF NOVEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.5 GENETIC STRUCTURALISM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.6 PERSONALITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
2.7 PERSONALITY THEORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.8 THE KINDS OF PERSONALITY THEORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.9 THE CONSEQUENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
3.2 APPROACH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.3 OBJECT OF STUDY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
3.4 DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
3.5 DATA COLLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . 28
3.5 DATA ANALYSIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION
4.1 RESEARCH FINDING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2 DISCUSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
5.2 SUGGESTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Endraswari, Suwardi. 2008. Metodologi Penelitian Sastra. Yogyakarta: MedPres
Faruk. 1999. Pengantar Sosiologi Sastra. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar
Ratna, Nyoman Kutha. 2009. Teori, metode, dan teknik Penelitian Sastra. Yogyakarta:
Pustaka Pelajar
Ary, Donald. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. Sixth Edition. New York: Holt,
Rinehart and Winston
Koesnosoebrot. 1988. The Anatomy of Prose Fiction. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan
Kebudayaan
Macmillan. 1984. Appreciating Literature. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Kennedy, XJ. 1983. Literature: An Introduction of Fiction, Poetry and Drama. Boston: little,
Brown and Company
Meyer, Michael. 1990. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Second edition. New York.
Chicago. Dallas, Atlanta. San Fransisco
Bogdan, Robert C. And Sari Knopp Biklen. 1992. Qualitative Research for Education, An
Introduction to Theory and Methods, ( Second Edition). USA: Allyn and Bacon A
Division of Simon and Schuster, Inc.
Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. 1995. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University
Press.
Samsi, Haryanto. 1994. Pengantar Toeri Pengukuran Kepribadian. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret
University Press
Schultz, Duane. 1995. Psikologi Pertumbuhan Model-model Kepribadian Sehat. Yogyakarta:
Kanisus
Yususf, Syamsu dan Juntika Nurihsan. 2007. Teori Kepribadian. Bandung: PT Remaja
Rosdyakara
Alwisol. 2005. Psikologi Kepribadian. Malang: UMM Press
INTRODUCTION
Chapter I of this thesis presents background of study, statement of problems,
purpose of study, significant of study, scope and limitation, and definition of key
term. Each section is presented as follows:
1.1 Background of Study
Literature is the part of expression of thought in language. According to
Newman (2003:573), literature is the expression of thought in language, where by
thought such as ideas, feeling, views, reasoning and other operations of human
mind. Literature consist in the enunciations and teaching of those who have the
right to speak as representatives of their kind and in whose word a record of their
own experience and suggestion for their own judgment.
A work of literature does not come in its own criticism fast. It means, the
author does not suddenly get mysterious blessing then create a literature.
Literature is created by the author life toward his experience, idea, reflection, and
culture recording about something in around environment then the writer makes it
as a prose or poem.
Literature can be poem and prose. Kinds of prose are short story, novel,
biography and autobiography. So, one of kinds of literature is prose that can be in
the form of novel.
1
Novel can gives big benefit to human development and life. It is suitable with
the statement that novelist can educate more about human life than psychologist.
The novelist can teach the reader more about human nature than the psychologist
(Wellek, 1993:34).
There are more theories to analyze novel. The theory of literature is telling
about nature and function of literature. Among the theories to explain the meaning
of literature is genetic structuralism. According to Ratna (2008:91), structuralism
means concept about elements that can stand between the relations. On the other
hand, the elements have relation with the totalities. So, that is why literature and
the author is very mutually influence one another.
The researcher uses Genetic Structuralism as a foundation to analyze the novel
This Earth of Mankind. Genetic Structuralism is a theory proposed by Goldmann
from France. In details, Goldmann attempts to analyze the literary work from two
elements, those are: intrinsic and extrinsic element. According to Teeuw (1995:7),
“Reading a literature is reading an author’s ideology. As far the ideology means
the world of principle.”
The analysis with genetic structuralism shows that literature is a reflection of
era. Literature can tell about social aspect, culture, politic, and economic. The
important tragedy in its era will be directly connected with the intrinsic elements
of literature.
Intrinsic element is the structure of literary work and the extrinsic element is
the social condition, history, and cultural creation that form the literary work like
2
novel. According to Clarke (1975:156), culture has creation from many sectors of
human behavior.
In short, genetic structuralism has three things focus analysis. First is the
analysis of intrinsic element. Second is the analysis about social life the author
because the author is the part of certain society. The last is analysis about social
culture background and history that make a literature created by author.
In the previous study conducted by Nur’aini (2009) with the title Genetic
Structuralism Analyses “Lucky Jim” by Kingsley Aims, tells how to analyze
novel with genetic structuralism. She suggests, to analyze a novel use genetic
structuralism theory, researcher should know historical background related to the
novel, the author background, when and where the author creates. The advantage
using this theory is that we not only take the message from novel but also can
understand the historical background.
In this section, the researcher is interested in analyzing This Earth of Mankind.
It was a novel that could not circulated in Orde Baru Era. This Earth of Mankind
written by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. He was a member of Lembaga Kebudayaan
Rakyat (Lekra), an organization under control of Partai Komunis Indonesia
(PKI).
The tragedy G30S/PKI on 1965 becomes turning point in the life of
Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The background of the author who suspected as a
communist was a reason for government to close the publication of his novels.
Even Pramoedya said that he was not a communist, but humanist.
3
Pramoedya Ananta Toer was under arrested and being a prison during 14 years
without litigation. He was exiled to Buru Island, Maluku on August 1964. In Buru
Island, Pramoedya writes novel This Earth of Mankind although government
prohibits writing during detention on the Island of Buru. This Earth of Mankind
tells about Minke as a main character that was affected European culture.
Minke represents a young student who was amazed at everything about
Europe. In the other situation, Minke should be blasted in another personally
opposing, Nyai Ontosoroh. Nyai Ontosoroh represents another product of
European culture. She was being a ‘gundik’ - mistress, when she was young. That
was the culture with no less primitive of Javanese kings.
The attitude of Minke who left his culture also happens to the young student in
Indonesia. A lot of students in Indonesia like modern culture than traditional. One
the example is losing of respect of teenagers when they are passing in front of
their parents without bow down. That is impolite sometime. According to Adeney
(2005:327), “People from overseas give more effect because their attitude not
common. Some of them are well and others no”. Its actions are not represented
attitude by Indonesians who are known well.
This thesis is important because the researcher analyses novel This Earth of
Mankind. It is a popular novel in the world, but in Indonesia like a stepchild. One
thing that make researcher is interested in analyzing Novel This Earth of Mankind
is because the novel is very close with the researcher’s world as a history and
history lover.
4
1.2 Statement of Problem
1. What is Minke’s personality in the novel This Earth of Mankind by
Pramoedya Ananta Toer?
2. How does Minke deal’s with his personality in the novel This Earth of
Mankind?
1.3 Purpose of Study
1. To find out Minke’s personality in the novel This Earth of Mankind by
Pramoedya Ananta Toer.
2. To find out how Minke deal’s with his personality in the novel This Earth
of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer.
1.4 Significant of Study
Researcher hopes the result of this research can be useful to a reader who
wishes to know about Genetic Structuralism Approach especially for the student
of English Department in University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
This analysis is description of the importance of reading a novel for education.
Education helps human being to solve problem in the life. So the reader can use it
to anticipate some problems that happen in the daily activity.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
This analysis is concentrated on Minke’s personality in facing two different
cultures. The researcher realizes can not analyze all of the aspects in the novel, for
5
this reason the researcher limits on Minke as a main character of the novel This
Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer.
1.6 Definition of Key Term
1. Analysis is show how systematic much of that behavior is and do so in a
rather surprising way (Wardhaugh, 2006:233).
2. Genetic Structuralism is the idealism of seeing worldviews as purely
conceptual entities, to be established at the level of conceptual thought
alone; as purely intellectual rather than social and practical problems
(Belo-Kano, 2001:103).
3. Pramoedya Ananta Toer is an Indonesian author of novels, short stories,
essays, dramas, and histories. The Dutch imprisoned him from 1947 to
1949. Orde Lama had imprisoned him from 1969 to 1979.
4. Novel is a book-length story in prose in which the author tries to create the
sense that while the readers read, they experience actual life (Kenney,
1996:52).
5. This Earth of Mankind is the first edition of Buru Quartet. It is a novel
which is emphasizes the social conflict of the main character, Minke
against colonialist.
6
An Analysis of Minke’s Personality
on Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Novel
“This Earth of Mankind”
Thesis
BY
BENNI INDO
09360262
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MALANG
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
2014
Motto and Dedication
“Tahu kau mengapa aku sayangi kau lebih dari siapa pun? Karena kau menulis. Suaramu tak
kan padam ditelan angin, akan abadi, sampai jauh, jauh di kemudian hari.”
“Orang boleh pandai setinggi langit, tapi selama ia tidak menulis, ia akan hilang di dalam
masyarakat dan dari sejarah. Menulis adalah bekerja untuk keabadian.”
PramoedyaAnantaToer
I dedicate this thesis to my life
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah! By the grace of Allah, the unforgettable love, I have
finished writing this thesis. Within His love, I am able to do the best in
composing my thesis.
The deepest thanks to my inspiration, Pramoedya Ananta Toer who give
me chance to know you and your art in literature. Although we never meet and
shake the hand, I can listen to your voice and look your life.
I also dedicate my great gratitude to my advisors, Mrs. Rina Wahyu
Setyaningrum and Dian Arsitades Wiranegara, who gave their guidance,
opinion, time, suggestion, and their motivation in completing the thesis.
My highest appreciation is spent to my beloved parents, my pap’s Aridi
and my mom’s Jamilah, who always give their true love and support for me for
all this time. To my beloved brother, Fariz Beni Adam, thanks for your support,
also for my big lovely family in Banyuwangi.
A very special thanks goes out to Dr. Arief Budi Wurianto who always
has time to discuss with me. Dr. Arief is the teacher who never gets bored
telling to me about history, culture, literature and the philosophy of arts.
The sincere thanks to my journalist friends, my lovely organization
Didaktik, Bestari, and Focus that give me a place to develop my talents. I would
also like thanks to members in solider.or.id and SIGAB.
The last but not the least, thanks to my friend Rizky Budi Rahayu,
Mohammad Lutfi Hakim, Ainur Trihana, thanks for your support. To all my
friends in the class, thank you for all these beautiful memories. And all of my
friend that cannot mention them one by one. May God bless us, amien!
Malang, 15th September 2014
The writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL
LEGALIZATION
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.6 DEFINITION KEY TERM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .6
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 LITERATURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
2.2 NOVEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 KINDS OF NOVEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
2.4 ELEMENTS OF NOVEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.5 GENETIC STRUCTURALISM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.6 PERSONALITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
2.7 PERSONALITY THEORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.8 THE KINDS OF PERSONALITY THEORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.9 THE CONSEQUENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
3.2 APPROACH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.3 OBJECT OF STUDY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
3.4 DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
3.5 DATA COLLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . 28
3.5 DATA ANALYSIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION
4.1 RESEARCH FINDING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2 DISCUSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
5.2 SUGGESTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
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