1.2 Problem Formulation
From the background above, some problems can be formulated as follow:
a. How are Jewel’s characteristics depicted in the novel?
b. What motivate Jewel to do the heroic actions in Faulkner’s As I Lay
Dying?
1.3 Objective of the Study
Based on the problem formulation above, the objectives of this study are:
1. To describe how Jewel is characterized in the novel.
2. To reveal the motivation of Jewel to commit such heroic actions.
1.4 Benefits of the Study
The writer hopes this study would give benefits to others, especially for the general reader, the students of English Language Education Study Program and
teachers of literature. The writer hopes that this study gives contribution to the students of English Language Education Study Program especially in Intensive
Reading I. Hopefully, this study will give them deeper understanding about William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying and provides them with additional information especially
about literary works references. For the reader, this study benefits them by introduce them to the other great work of William Faulkner besides The Sound and The Fury.
Furthermore, this study helps the reader to get a moral lesson about life, because this
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novel whether being realized or not is full of lessons about life. In the writer’s opinion, this book helps us to act as decent human in our life. All the characters in this novel, in
the writer’s opinion, are representing characters or type of person, which exist in this world. Besides that, the writer would like to suggest using this novel in teaching
literature because this novel helps students in learning literature. This novel not only give the students an amusing story but also give a glimpse about the history of the
southern part of United States of America and its culture which are very interesting.
1.5 Definition of Terms
a. Motivation Motivation according to Smith means internal process that influences the
direction, persistence and vigor of goal directed behavior 282. The New
Encyclopedia Britannica 556 defines motivation as the causes of behavior; i.e., whatever it is within the individual that incites action. According to Weber and
Morris 408, motivation is an inner directing force – a need or want – that arouses the organism and directs toward a goal. Furthermore, White, Wofford, and Gordon said
that motivation refers to the reason that causes the character to act as he does 734. In this study, the word motivation is defined as the reasons and desire behind Jewel’s
heroic actions. b. Heroic
Exhibiting or marked by courage and daring; supremely noble and self- sacrificing Webster, 337. In this study the word heroic is defined as certain positive
dangerous actions which committed by Jewel in order to help his family.
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c. Character
Character according to Abrams 21 is a person in a dramatic or narrative work, endowed with moral and depositional qualities that expresses in what they say –
dialogue- and what they do – action. Meanwhile, according to Barnett 71, character has two meanings. The first meaning is a figure in the story or literary work, such as
Robin Hood. The second meaning is the personality of a character, whether this character has a tough or weak personality. In this study, character is defined as the
personality or traits that being possessed by the figures in this story.
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7
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
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