b Whilst-reading
Whilst-reading becomes the main activity in every unit. The purpose of this activity is to develop the students’ skills in reading. In this part, the students
are encouraged to be active and reflective. They have to be able to read aloud and understand the message sent by the writer in the text. This part will provide the
students with a reading passage related to the topic discussed and some questions to be discussed.
c Post-reading
This part provides an opportunity for the students to develop their other skills since this part consists of communicative activities or reflection to find out
whether they are learning or not.
3. Developing Preliminary Form of Product
After the primary planning was completed, the next step to do was to structure the preliminary form of instructional materials Borg and Gall,
1983:781. Dealing with that, the writer employed Kemp’s instructional design step, namely developing instructional materials.
In this stage, the writer determined the most effective and efficient methods and then selected materials to provide learning experiences that could
support the attainment of the objectives. Thus, the writer decided the appropriate teaching-learning activities that could support the learners to achieve the
objectives.
To encourage cooperation among the students so that they could help each other to learn, cooperative learning is also employed as the basis in designing
materials. By using cooperative learning, it is believed that students could be encouraged to develop communicative competence, to appreciate others, to help
each other, and to develop other social skills needed in the working place Richard and Rodgers, 2003:195. By helping each other to learn in pairs or small groups, it
is believed that lower-achieving students could feel safe and confident to learn. Furthermore, using cooperative learning, the achievements of all students could be
raised. Considering this, informal cooperative learning group was then employed as the group types in accomplishing the tasks in whilst-reading. In particular,
roundtable, jigsaw, and numbered heads were the types of the activities utilized. In designing the materials, instructional resources were selected to obtain
supporting materials that could motivate the students to learn. Based on the consideration, some textbooks and websites in the internet were selected as the
resources to obtain some texts or data, which further adopted to develop materials. The instructional resources were selected to obtain some reading texts, pictures,
and some theories on the language and text structure.
4. Preliminary Field Testing
