C. Research Instruments
To obtain the data for this study, some instruments employed in research and information collecting and preliminary field testing. The instruments are
interviews and questionnaires.
1. Interviews
An interview is a way of people’s feelings, thoughts, beliefs, and opinions by asking them some questions related to the issuestopics being investigated. The
responses of the interviews are taken by recording using a tape-recorder or taking notes Ary et al., 1979: 434.
In this study, an informal interview was conducted to the English teachers of SMA Santo Bernardus Pekalongan. To conduct the interview, the writer
employed an interview guideline consisting of some questions to obtain information on learners’ background knowledge, lacks, needs, and interests from
the teachers’ perspectives. An informal interview instrument was conducted in pre-design section.
2. Questionnaires
A questionnaire is a list of questions asking about people’s opinion. It is a printed form of data collection containing some statements or questions to
respond. There are two types of questionnaires, namely close-ended and open- ended questionnaires. Brown and Rodgers, 2002: 120. The closed form items are
used to make it easier for the respondents in filling the questionnaires since the
answers are available. On the other hand, the open form items are used to obtain more information from the respondents because they are permitted to answer
freely. In this study, the writer distributed two kinds of questionnaires. The first
kind of questionnaire was distributed to the eleventh grade of students of SMA Santo Bernardus Pekalongan. Moreover, it was conducted in pre-design section
since it functions to obtain the data concerning students’ capabilities, needs, interests, and background knowledge viewed from the perspective of the students.
The second kind of questionnaires was distributed to the English teachers of SMA Santo Bernardus Pekalongan and some lecturers of the English Language
Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. This kind of questionnaires was distributed to obtain feedback and suggestions to improve the
designed set of the materials. The data gathered were then used as the basis to revise the designed set of the materials. There were two sections in the second
questionnaires. The first section of the questionnaires was close-ended and consisted of some statements investigate participants’ opinion on the designed set
of the materials. In the first section of the questionnaires, the response to each statement was expressed in a scale of 1 to 5. The participants completed the first
section of the questionnaires by choosing one of five alternatives provided. Meanwhile, the second section of the questionnaires was open-ended and
consisted of some questions to elicit participants’ personal opinions and suggestions to improve the designed materials. The questionnaires instrument was
done in post-design section.
To avoid misunderstanding and to ease the respondents in answering the questions, the questionnaires were written in Indonesian. This was meant to make
it easier for the respondents to catch the points of the questions and would not find any difficulties in filling the questionnaires provided.
D. Data Gathering Technique
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