English teacher Research Benefits

9 errors is a process in which people learn. It is also because they face something new in their life. Norrish 1983 states that the errors made by the students may actually be a necessary part of learning a language p. 6. According to Corder 1973 errors refer to the utterances which are either superficially deviant or inappropriate in terms of the target language grammar. Inappropriate here means deviating from the grammar of the target language. So, it means that error is a deviation from the language grammar of the target language. Ellis and Barkhuizen 2001 state that errors are deviations in usage which results from gaps in learners knowledge of the target language p. 17. Because the learners learn English as the foreign language, they have difficulty in producing sentences in English. Gass and Selinker 1994 distinguish the differences between mistakes and errors. Mistakes are akin to slips of the tongue while an error is systematic p. 67. It means that when people make a mistake, they are conscious that they make the mistake but people who make an error do not realize that they make an error. Dulay, et al. 1982 categorize errors into the following categories.

a. Omission

Dulay et al 1982 mention that omission is the absence of an item that must appear in a well formed utterance p. 154. The omission happens by omitting a part of the words. According to Dulay et al. 1982 words can be distinguished into two, content words and grammatical words p. 154. Content words contain nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs. Grammatical words include 10 nouns and verb inflections -s, -ed, -ing, article a, an, the, verb auxiliaries is, can, will, may, etc, and preposition in, on,at.

b. Addition

Dulay et al 1982 state that addition is the presence of an item that must not appear in well-formed utterances p. 156. The addition is classified into 3 types. 1 Double Markings According to Dulay et al 1982, it is described as the failure to delete certain items which are needed in some linguistic constructions. Examples: - He doesnt goes to school. - I didnt wrote it 2 Regularization Dulay et al 1982 state that regularization errors that fall under the addition category are those in which a marker that is typically added to a linguistic item is erroneously added to exceptional items of the given class that do not take a marker p. 157. Example: - I weared new shoes. - The sheeps have been found.