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2. To attain feelings of power and superiority Manipulators want to feel that they are superior and possess all the power
to conquer his targets. Braiker 2004:55 claims that manipulators want to be acknowledged and validated. This actually roots from the fact that manipulators
basically are people with inferiority and low self-esteem. They use manipulative strategies to hide these poor feelings in disguise, so that they appear to be people
with bold self-confidence. They need to demonstrate that they are superior to compensate for feelings of inferiority and inadequacy.
3. To feel in control of manipulator’s own emotions Manipulators are essentially people with high level of anxiety. Braiker
2004:56 states that they want to feel in control of their emotions that symbolise weaknesses, such as anxiety, sadness and loneliness. They need to be seen that
they are able to control themselves. This need that manipulators have actually extends beyond their desires or needs to control others. They do not want to feel
like they are losing control and finally being controlled by others. Manipulators intend to manage their emotions as fine as possible in order to succeed in
manipulating others.
2.7. Previous Study
The similar analysis about language manipulation has ever been done before byRachman Galih Universitas Komputer Indonesia: 2012 with the title “Motif dan
Strategi Manipulasi Penutur serta Respons Petutur dalam Skrip Film Sherlock Holmes” which analyses the strategies, motives and responses of manipulation via
pragmatics approach.
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In his thesis, Galih 2012 examined the motives and strategies of the speaker as well as the responses of the listener found in the movie script entitled “Sherlock
Holmes”. Galih used the theory of Simon 2000 to classify which strategies used by the speaker to manipulate his target. Meanwhile, in order to analyse the motives of
the speaker and responses of the listener, Galih used the theory of Yule 1996 about locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts.
Galih’s analysis resulted in the findings of 13 language manipulation strategies used by the speaker to manipulate his target. Those 13 language
manipulation strategies are denial, selective inattention, rationalization, diversion, lying, covert intimidation, guilt tripping, shaming, playing the victim role, playing
servant role, seduction, blaming others, and minimization. The result of his findings is a bit different with the result in this thesis, which found 14 language manipulation
strategies used by the speaker. The analysis of illocutionary acts which drove the speaker to do the act of
manipulating are categorised into two kinds of motives, which are private motives to serve one’s personal will and open motives to help others. In his analysis, Galih
then concluded that the speaker had more interests to do manipulation by private motives rather than the intention to help others open motives.
The responses upon the manipulation can be classified into two parts, verbal perlocutions and non-verbal perlocutions. Verbal perlocutions refer to the responses
which are given verbally, while non-verbal perlocutions indicate the responses which are expressed through actions. Based on his findings, Galih then concluded that the
responses can also be achieved by involving both verbal and non-verbal perlocutions at once.
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Stirred by the previous analysis mentioned above, this thesis focuses on the analysis of strategies and motives of language manipulation found in Ted Bundy’s
statements by using the theory of Simon 2000 and Braiker 2004 via pragmatics approach. To make the analysis in this thesis become easier to understand, here is the
scheme of framework that establishes the analysis.
The Scheme of Language Manipulation
PRAGMATICS
LOCUTIONS
PERLOCUTIONS
ILLOCUTIONS SPEECH ACTS
LANGUAGE MANIPULATION STRATEGIES
LINGUISTICS
LANGUAGE MANIPULATION MOTIVES
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CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1. Research Design
