2. 4. Sociology
The word Sociology must often be heard by everyone, but the understanding of this science is not much understood well. Unconsciously,
we more or less
know
whats
what Sociology means. As human beings, it is important to understand Sociology. Humans are social beings who have a close relationship with
each other. Etymologically, the word sociology is derived from the Greek
word socios
’
which means friend and logos which means science. So Sociology is the study of friends. But this is commonly known as a science of
society. Society itself means a group of people that have similarities, relationships, and culture. And Sociology studies about the society in terms of its social behavior
and its social groups. Sociology learns about the values, norms, social structure, process, and all things which related to human social life.
Sociology was originally limited to the understanding of a society in the wartime, social class, racial conflict and so on. However, as time goes by, this
science then developed and became the science of a society at large and complex range. Sociology today learns about the values, norms, social structures, processes,
and all things that related to human social life. Sociology is the study of social structure and social processes,
including the social changes. Sociology is a social science that is categorical, pure, abstract, trying to give general understandings,
rational and empirical. Soekanto, 1982:61
It is human nature to live side by side with humans besides himself because a human is destined to live in a society zoon politicon. Humans are social beings
homo socialis, and coexistence is a basic requirement that must be fulfilled. Basically, human can not live without the other person in some special ways. And if
this is not fulfilled, there will be problems that can lead to imbalances in the persons life. For example, in a family as the smallest social group, a baby has a basic need
that is the attention and affection from both parents so that he can grow well and healthy.
To be able to act as social beings, interaction is important. This interaction is a major factor in a persons social life. If this is not fulfilled, it can be ascertained that
the life of a human being will not be balanced. To be able to have this interaction, there must be at least two people as the participants. Social interaction is generally
defined as a verbal communication, but it is actually wrong. Although the two participants met, but do not talk to each other and make any reaction, changes in their
thoughts and feelings are the signs of an interaction that has occurred. As an example, if a woman and a man meet in silence and no reaction, but they realize that
there are people besides them and start interacting unconsciously, like thinking about the shape of the face or clothes they worn at that moment. The impression that
created one another that can determine what actions that will be performed. Also, just like a mothers love that expressed by touching her baby gently.
Along with the relationship of individuals in a group with other individuals, problems are often found in it. And since not all social events in the society running
smoothly as desired, shocks happens and called Social Problem. As revealed Soerjono Soekarno 1982: 395, “Social problems are closely related to social values
as concerned with human relations and in the framework of the parts of normative culture”.
A social problem happens when the reality faced by an individual in a society different from what he expected. This kind of thing is commonly happening in a
society because there are different personalities, lifestyles, perspectives, and other factors and that may raise problems among members of the community. If the society
can overcome the problem they face, then the society will grow. Social problems appear to mature the individuals in a society, including parents, government,
religious leaders, social organizations and other individuals. If the society can overcome the problems that exist, the society can be said to
be perfect because it successfully through the barriers between them and become a society that lives in harmony. But, if a society does not succeed or having difficulty
in dealing with certain social problems, it means that society may be in danger. Social problems can affect every individual in society if it does not quickly address,
such as crime or physical or mental changes. For every social problem occurs, there must be an underlying reason.
Soerjono Soekarno differentiates social problems in four factors, they are:
a. Economy: the example of the social problem caused by the economic factor
are poverty, jobless, and others. Poverty can push someone to break norms or laws that applicable in the community, usually people who cause problems
for reasons of poverty are the ones who were forced because they have to fulfill their needs.
b. Culture: the examples of the cultural factors are family disorganization,
individualistic nature of human, juvenile delinquency, and others. Social problems that arise due to cultural factors in society can affect someones way
of thinking and behavior in social interaction and how he obeys norms and existing laws.
c. Biological: the examples of the social problem that arise as a result of
biological factors are disability, infectious diseases, and others. Disability of a person can be a reason for other people to stay away from the sufferer for
reasons of health and social discrimination can affect the sufferer to do things that violate the rules.
d. Psychological: the examples of the social problem that arise from
psychological factors are neurological diseases, misguided beliefs, and others. Psychological factors can affect a person in living daily life, both in terms of
thought or action.
In order to solve the social problems in a society, the role of each individual in it is very important. Social problems can be solved if there is a cooperation with
the community members and government, social organizations, and other related elements to be able to return things back to normal.
CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1. Research Design
Kategori