Paragraphs in the text H1

14 H1.23c–H1.23d Pre-NO Pre-NI S V OC Post-NI Post-NO 23c [Saau Saagusa omugaya a-ra-bhe-eye mwibure 1.servant 3 S - P 3 COMPL -be- P 3 1.native 23d Saagusa omwibure a-ra-bhe-eye mugaya Saagusa] 1.native 3 S - P 3 COMPL -be- P 3 1.servant Saau Saagusa, the servant has already become the native. Saagusa, the native has already become the servant, Saagusa. The song in H6 functions in a similar way to the song in H1 and also leads into the peak episode. This song, however, is repeated in both of the episodes that directly precede the peak. The first time, the song alerts passersby that there is trouble, whereas the second time, it alerts the boy’s father that he is in distress. This song is also different in that it is much longer than the song in H1, and instead of nonsense words being used, words from a related language, Jita, are used. The function still is very similar to the song in H1. H7 also includes a song, but its function is slightly different. This song is sung several episodes before the peak episode and is used to call cows back to their herders. There are very few Kwaya words in this song, and the Kwaya speakers who were consulted during the course of this write-up did not know what language is used in the song. In this story, cows have run away, the boys go searching for the cows while singing this song and eventually find all their cows in another town. It is in this town where the story mostly takes place. While this song does not occur before the main peak of the story, it could be viewed as a pre-peak or mini-peak, because it brings the participants to the place where the action will occur. 2 Paragraphs Paragraphs mark “thematic units” within a text, containing closely related material. Continuity of participants, time, place and theme is usually maintained within a paragraph or if there is a change of time or place, this is usually an expected rather than an abrupt change, and so paragraph breaks correspond to places in the text where there is a discontinuity of some kind. There is no consistent way that new paragraphs are marked. In the two texts that were examined for this section, only four paragraphs began with a point of departure. Most verbs are inflected for NARR , with a few paragraphs beginning with P 3 or PRES . In H1 kimwi ‘thenso’ is used at the beginning of almost all of the paragraphs, but it also occurs in the middle of some paragraphs.

2.1 Paragraphs in the text H1

Paragraph 1 H1.1–H1.2 and paragraph 2 H1.3–H1.4 comprise the orientation section. Paragraph 1 introduces the parents and then their son who is one of the major participants and has moved far away. Paragraph 2 returns to the parents and introduces the second major participant, their daughter who grows up hearing of her brother who lives far away. The discontinuity between the paragraphs therefore is in the participants and the location of the events as we leave the son in the far country, we return to the parents’ home. Paragraph 3 H1.5–H1.7 is the inciting episode and begins with the temporal POD Woori orusuku orumwi ‘Now, one day’. The daughter declares to her parents that she wants to go and visit her brother. Her parents agree and send a messenger to her brother, letting him know that she is coming and will be wearing special clothes. Paragraph 4 H1.8–H1.11 begins the daughter’s journey with one of the family servants to her brother’s country. This paragraph is set off by the temporal POD kimwi orusuku ruyo ‘so, one day’, causing a discontinuity in time from the previous paragraph. Paragraph 5 H1.12–H1.17 begins with a temporal POD anu…mu-njira ‘then…on the path’ and provides information about what happens on the way to the brother’s country: the servant tricks the daughter into letting her wear her special clothes, and as they get close to their destination, the servant refuses to give the clothes back. Paragraph 5 includes both the developmental episodes 2 and 3. Paragraph 6 H1.18–H1.22 has discontinuity in that the focus is switched to the brother. The paragraph is set off by tail-head linkage connecting the end of paragraph 5 to this new paragraph and participant focus. The brother sends out one of his servants to retrieve his sister, but they take the servant instead because she is wearing the special clothes. The sister is put to work on her brother’s land, and her hard work is juxtaposed with the servant’s easy life in the brother’s house. Paragraph 7 H1.23–H1.24, in which the sister sings a song of woe, is set off by the temporal POD rusuku rumwi ‘one day’. Paragraph 8 H1.25–H1.31, in which the brother discovers the trickery of the servant and rescues his sister from hard labor, shows discontinuity of time after the sister sings, indicated by the POD orusuku orumwi ‘one day’. Paragraph 9 H1.32–H1.33 shows thematic discontinuity as it wraps up the story by repeating the brother’s discovery of his sister, and showing that the servant is punished.

2.2 Paragraphs in the text H8