LIST OF FIGURES
No. TITLE
PAGE
2.1 The picture shows the streamlines over the vehicle body
4 2.2
Pressure and speed 5
2.3 Aerodynamic forces
6 2.4
Boundary layer growth on the roof of a bus 7
2.5 Laminar Flow
8 2.6
Turbulent Flow 8
2.7 Schematic diagram of the Lovelace aerosol wind tunnel
9 2.8
Low turbulence subsonic smoke-tunnel with unsteady flow generator
10 2.9
An example of smoke produced in smoke tunnel 12
2.10 Schematic of smoke rake with vertical movement used for subsonictunnel
14 2.11 The schematic diagram of the smoke generator
16 2.12 Dual unit power package
17 2.13 Smoke Flow Visualization Tunnel
20 2.14 Preston-Sweeting Generator Mist
21 2.15 Models use in the smoke tunnel
21 2.16 Sample smoke flow visualization for the airfoil model
21 2.17 HM 170 Educational Wind Tunnel
22
2.18 Model H-6910-CDL Wind Tunnel 22
2.19 Educational Wind Tunnel Model LS-1813-EWT 23
2.20 Educational Wind Tunnel EWT System 24
A Semester I
27 B
Semester II 28
4.1 Contraction cone
33 4.2
Settling chamber 34
4.3 Test section
35 4.4
Diffuser Cone 35
4.5 Smoke Tube
36 4.6
Smoke Tunnel in 2D view 38
4.7 Smoke Tunnel in 3D view
38 4.8
The flow visualization over the vehicle model in smoke tunnel
39 4.9
The flow visualization over the vehicle model in CFD
39
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS AND SPECIALIZED NOMENCLATURE
AC =
alternating current CFD =
Computational Fluid Dynamic C
D
= drag coefficient
F =
Fahrenheit ft
3
= feet cubic
lbs =
pounds m
3
= meter cubic
mph = miles per hour
psi =
pound per square inch �
= air pressure
� =
air density µm =
micrometer �
= speed.
V =
volt
APPENDIX
NO. TITLE
PAGE A
Gantt Chart Semester I 46
A Gantt Chart Semester II
46 B
Contraction Cone Drawing 47
C Test Section Drawing
48 D
Diffusion Cone Drawing 49
E Smoke Tube Drawing
50 F
Sample of Aerodynamic Flow Visualization Experiment Lab Sheet
51
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
Aerodynamic is important factor consider in design stage. Though the term
aerodynamics is most commonly associated with airplanes and the overall science of flight, in fact, its application is much broader. Simply put, aerodynamics is the
study of airflow and its principles, and applied aerodynamics is the science of improving manmade objects such as airplanes and automobiles in light of those
principles. Aside from the obvious application to these heavy forms of transportation, aerodynamic concepts are also reflected in the simplest of manmade flying objects
and in the natural model for all studies of flight, a birds wings.
The smoke tunnel is one of method to visualize the aerodynamic flow
trajectory occurred on small scale vehicle model. This equipment designed to help the lecturer to visualize and explain about aerodynamic effect on frontal edge or etc.
Student will know and learn the term practically to support the theory or simulation CFD. This equipment will be used as a practical lesson through experiment in order
to compare theoretical with simulation.
The smoke tunnel itself was designed to be a complete, stand-alone, sub-scale subsonic project; small enough to be carried anywhere, but it can be used to gain
meaningful data. Besides, student will be given a chance to learn to use the smoke tunnel by themselves as an experiment.
1.1 Objectives
