TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstrak
i Abstract
ii Dedication
iii Acknowledgement
iv Table of Content
v List of Tables
x List of Figures
xii List Abbreviations, Symbols and Nomenclatures
xiv
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background Of Study
1 1.2
Problems Statements 2 1.3
Research Objectives 3 1.4
Limitations Of Study 4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Introduction To Thermal Comfort
5 2.2
Research And Observations Of Thermal Comfort 7 2.3 Main Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort 8
2.3.1 The Effect Of Air Temperature 8
2.3.2 The Effect Of Relative Humidity 8
2.3.3 The Effect Of Air Velocity 9
2.3.4 The Effect Of Mean Radiant Temperature 9
2.3.5 The Effect Of Clothing Insulation 10
2.3.6 The Effect Of Metabolic Rate 10
2.4 Secondary Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort
11 2.4.1 Day-To-Day Variations
11 2.4.2 Age
11
v
2.4.3 Adaptation 12 2.4.4 Gender
12 2.5
Prediction Thermal Comfort 13
2.5.1 Predicted Mean Vote PMV And Predicted Percentage Of 13 Dissatisfied PPD Model
2.5.2 Adaptive Model 15
2.6 General Thermal Comfort Considerations For Determining Comfort Zone 16
2.6.1 Operative Temperature 16
2.62 Humidity Limits 17
2.6.3 Elevated Air Velocity 17
2.6.4 Local Thermal Discomfort 18
2.6.5 Temperature Variations With Time 19
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 20
3.1 Study Design
20 3.2
Target Population 20
3.3 Sample Frame
21 3.4
Data Collection Methods 22
3.4.1 Walk-Through Inspection On AC System 22
3.4.2 Self-Administered Questionnaire 22
3.4.3 Field Measurement Of Thermal Environmental Parameters 24
3.5 Analysis Of Findings
25 3.6
Ethical Considerations 25
CHAPTER 4: RESULT DISCUSSION 26
4.1 Specific Thermal Comfort Environmental Parameters Analysis
26 4.1.1 Air Temperature
28 4.1.2 Air Velocity
29 4.1.3 Relative Humidity
31 4.2
Questionnaire Response Analysis 32
4.2.1 Building Occupant Background 32
4.2.1 1 Distribution Percentage On Age And Gender
33 4.2.1 2
Distribution Percentage On Period Of Years Worked 34 vi
4.2.1 3 Distribution Percentage On Average Hours Spend In 35
Workspace
4.2.2 Personal Workspace Location 36
4.2.2.1 Distribution Percentage On Location Near Exterior 36
Wall
4.2.2.2 Distribution Percentage On Location Near Window
37 4.2.3 Office Layout And Visual Comfort
38 4.2.3.1
Distribution Percentage Of Perception On Amount Of 39 Space Available
4.2.3.2 Distribution Percentage Of Perception On Level Of 40
Visual Privacy
4.2.3.3 Distribution Percentage Of Perception On Ease Of 41
Interaction
4.2.3.4 Relationship Between Office Layout And Privacy 42
Satisfaction And Self-Assessed Productivity
4.2.4 Thermal Comfort 43
4.2.4.1 Distribution Percentage Of Perception On Air 44
Temperature
4.2.4.2 Distribution Percentage Of Perception On Air Velocity 45
4.2.4.3 Distribution Percentage Of Perception On Surrounding 46
Humidity
4.2.4.4 Relationship Between Thermal Comfort Satisfaction 47
And Self-Assessed Productivity
4.2.5 Air Quality 48
4.2.5.1 Distribution Percentage Of Perception On Air Quality 48
4.2.5.2 Relationship Between IAQ Satisfaction And
50 Self-Assessed Productivity
4.2.6 Lighting Quality 51
4.2.6.1 Distribution Percentage Of Perception On Amount Of 52
Light
4.2.6.2 Distribution Percentage Of Perception On 53
Visual Comfort Of Lighting
vii
4.2.6.3 Relationship Between Lighting Satisfaction And 54
Self-Assessed Productivity
4.2.7 Acoustic Quality 55
4.2.7.1 Distribution Percentage Of Perception On Acoustic
56 Level
4.2.7.2 Distribution Percentage Of Perception On Sound
57 Privacy
4.2.7.3 Relationship Between Acoustic Satisfaction And 58
Self-Assessed Productivity
4.2.8 Information On Perception Of Environmental Conditions Of 59
Workspace 4.2.8.1
Distribution Percentage Of Perception On Overall 60 Environmental Conditions
4.2.8.2 Distribution Percentage Of Perception On Overall 61
Productivity Affect By Environmental Condition
4.2.8.3 Additional Comments And Recommendations From 62
Respondents
4.3 Predicted Mean Vote PMV And Predicted Percentage Of Dissatisfied 62
PPD Analysis 4.4 Correlation Between Thermal Comfort And Subjective Responses
65 4.4.1 Perception On Air Temperature
65 4.4.2 Perception On Air Velocity
66 4.4.3 Perception On Relative Humidity
67 4.5 Comparative Analysis On Objective And Subjective Approaches
69
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION FUTURE WORK 71
