November 2009. The second and the third interviews were carried out on 11 November 2009.
3. Human Instrument
According to Ary, et al 1990: 447, a researcher is a data gathering instrument because he or she interviews the participants, observes them, reads their
documents, and records the information on journals. Therefore, in this research, the writer was also an instrument of this research.
D. Data Gathering Technique
The data gathering process was conducted through three instruments: document, an interview guide, and human instrument. This research also used
supporting references as secondary data. The writer as the researcher of this research played a role as a human instrument. First, in order to solve the first research
problem, the writer collected the students’ assignments and analyzed their errors in their assignments. It was conducted on the first project of Academic Essay Writing
class. The writer collected all prepositional verb errors which were written by the students in the assignments. Then, the writer classified the prepositional verb errors
based on the surface structure taxonomy. She presented the classified errors in a table, with their frequency of occurrence and their percentages. From the data, the writer
could give a view about prepositional verb errors produced by the fifth semester
students of ELESP. After processing the data, the writer described the prepositional verb errors which were made by the students.
Second, to solve the second research problem, the efforts which should be done to minimize prepositional verb errors, the writer interviewed three ELESP
lecturers teaching Academic Essay Writing class in the academic year 20092010 and used recommended references from supporting references.
E. Data Analysis Technique
In analyzing the data from the students’ assignments, the writer applied error analysis. Conducting error analysis, according to Corder 1974 as stated by Ellis and
Barkhuizen 2005: 57, consists of several steps: Collection of a sample of learner language, Identification of errors, Description of errors, Explanation of errors, and
Error evaluation. Based on the data of prepositional verbs in the students’ writing collected in the Academic Essay Writing class, she identified errors in the usage of
prepositional verbs. Then, she described the category of the errors made by the students using surface structure taxonomy. Surface structure taxonomy applied in this
research consists of five categories: omission, addition, misinformation, misordering, and blends.
With the purpose of gaining an accurate analysis, the writer consulted a monolingual dictionary. The dictionary chosen in this research as a reference was
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Quirk, 2001. This dictionary was
chosen because the writer considered this dictionary to be commonly used by
university students of ELESP. Finally, the writer proposed efforts which should be done minimize prepositional verb errors based on the results of interviewing three
ELESP lecturers who were teaching Academic Essay Writing class and recommended references.
F. Research Procedure
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