20
main strategies of politeness strategy, namely, bald on record, negative politeness, positive politeness, and off record. Bald on record is applied when speaker does
not minimize the threat to the hearer face. Positive politeness is a strategy that concerns on how to fulfill hearer‟s positive face. Negative politeness is a strategy
that concerns on how to fulfill hearer‟s negative face. Off record is a strategy that let the
speaker‟s utterances ambiguous and therefore leaves the speaker with no responsibility to the act that he does.
Furthermore, Brown and Levinson 1987 also state that the least polite strategy is bald on record strategy and following in manner are the positive
politeness strategy, negative politeness strategy, and off record strategy. Bald on record is the strategy where the FTA is stated explicitly without any redressive
action. In contrast, Off record is the strategy where the FTA is implicitly stated. Positive politeness is oriented toward the positive face of the hearer, the positive
self-image that the hearer claims for himself. Negative politeness is oriented mainly toward partially satisfying the hearer‟s negative face or want to maintain
claims of territory and self-determination. The following sections will discuss the deeper explanation of the strategies.
1. Bald on Record Strategy
According to Brown and Levinson 1987, bald on record is the form of maximally efficient communication. The primary reason why the speaker uses
this strategy is because the speaker wants to do the FTA with efficiency rather than to satisfy the hearer face. The utterances are spoken in a direct, clear,
21
unambiguous, and concise way. This strategy is applied without any minimization to the impositions to the hearers.
It attempts not to minimize the threats to the hearers to perfom actions. This strategy is commonly used when the speakers and hearers have known each
other well. As the result, this strategy will shock, embarrass, and made the hearer feel a bit uncomfortable. This strategy is ranked as the most direct strategy. It
refers to the expression of an act in the most direct way. The speaker can ask the hearer to do something, for example, “Bring me these books”. In a situation when
the speakers have significantly more power than the hearer , thus, a bald on record strategy is also applied.
1 Great Urgency or Desperation
This strategy is used when the speaker is needing the attention very soon, especially before anything else because of its important. In cases of great urgency
or desperation, a compensation would actually decrease the communicated urgency. For example:
1 “Help”
2 “Watch out”
From the example above, with an exclamation point showed that there is no other choice in that situation. From the example 1 the speaker needed help
for the hearer than in the example 2 the speaker used to warn the hearer of danger or an accident that might be happen.
22
2 Speaking as if great efficiency is necessary in attention-getters
This strategy is used where the speaker speaks as if maximum efficiency were very important, he or she provides metaphorical urgency for emphasis. For
examples, 1
Look, the point is this... 2
Listen, I‟ve got an idea. The example in 1 and 2 are used in order to get the attention from the
hearer. In example 1 the word “look” is a verb which used by the speaker to
direct the hearer‟s eyes in order to see in another point. In example 2 the word “listen” is a verb which used to give attention to the hearer in order to hear what
the speaker said.
3 Task-oriented Paradigmatic Form of Instruction
This strategy is used when the speaker gives a task to the hearer in order to get the desire results. Face redness may be felt to irrelevant when the focus
interaction is task-oriented Brown Levinson, 1987, p. 97. The example of this s
trategy is “Give me the nails.” From the example, the speaker gave the hearer a task to give the nails to the speaker.
4 Sympathetic Advice or Warnings
Brown and Levinson 1987, p. 98 state that in doing an FTA, the speaker conveys that he or she does care about the hearer and therefore about the hearer‟s
positive face, so that no redness is required. Sympathetic advice or warning may be bald on record.
For example: PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
23
1 Careful He‟s a dangerous man.
2 Your slip is showing
In the example 1 the speaker wants to warn the hearer to be careful because he is a dangerous man. The word
“careful” was used to give an attention to what the hearer was doing so that he or she did not have a damage from that man. In the
example 2 the speaker gave sympathetic expression that the hearer‟s slip was showing.
5 Granting Permission for Something
This strategy is used when the speaker gives or allows the hearer to do something so that the hearer is allowed to do it. The example of granting for
something is “Yes, you may go.” From the example, it showed that the speaker allowed the hearer to move to another place.
6 Invitations
This strategy is used when the speaker requested a hearer to do something. “Come in” or “Enter” are the examples of this strategy. It implied that the speaker
asked the hearer to move towards the speaker in a room or bulding.
7 Welcoming
Welcoming or post-greeting is used when the speaker insisted that the hearer may impose on his or her negative face Brown Levinson, 1987, p. 99.
The example of welcoming is the utterance by the speaker to a person who comes to his or her
house as in “Oh you come. Come in.” PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
24
8 Greetings and Farewells
The greeting strategy is used when the speaker welcomes the hearer to show her or his friendliness or politeness. Meanwhile, the farewell strategy is used
when the speaker says goodbye or takes his or her leave to the hearer. The examples of this strategy are “come”, “go”, “sit down”, or “good bye”.
2. Positive Politeness Strategy
