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developed superego acts to control sexual and aggressive impulses through the process of repression. It cannot produce repressions by itself, but it can order the
ego to do so. The superego watches closely over the ego, judging its actions and intentions. However, the superego serves the moral and idealistic principles.
In this stu dy, the researcher describes the motivations of Eugenia “Skeeter”
Phelan to help African-American maids reveal their experiences of working for white families as seen in
Stockett’s The Help 2009. Therefore, the researcher uses the theory of Character and Characterization by Gill 1995, the theory of
motivation by Huffman, Vernoy and Vernoy 1997 and the theory of Social Structure by Blau 1975 in order to help the researcher to do the analysis of the
novel.
2. Theory of Character and Characterization
In order to achieve the first problem formulation of the study, the researcher uses the theory of character and characterization. Those theories help the
researcher in analyzing Eugenia “Skeeter” Phelan’s personality. In this case, the researcher would like to clarify those theories.
a. Theory of Character
According to Gill 1995: 27, “A character is a person in a literary work that
has some sort of identity. An identity is made up by appearances, conversations, actions, names and possibly thoughts going on in the head
”. Moreover, he states that there is an important distinction between character and characterization.
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A character is a person in a literary work and a characterization is the way in which a character is created. In other words, character created the product and
characterization created a method. Characters which are created in books are not real people, but figures who have been specially created by the author. He adds
that one of the things which make characters be different from each other is the range and richness of their lives. Some characters are not described in detail and
others are very detailed. Forster as cited in Gill 1995: 130 divides character into two categories namely flat character and round character. A flat character has few
characteristics, while round one has several. According to Roberts and Jacobs 1987: 122-124 the authors use four ways
to convey information about characters in fiction. There are what the characters themselves say, what the characters do, what other characters say about them and
what the authors says about the character. Here the researcher explains those ways to convey information about characters in fiction.
The first way is what the characters themselves say. It deals with the character’s speech. We can know the character of a person in a fiction from their
speech. The second way is what the characters do. It deals with the actions as sign of character. The authors show the characters in the books by interpreting actions
of the character. The third way is what other characters say about them. It deals with the
opinion or point of view from the other characters. Therefore, the authors give a good or bad impression of character by having a good or bad character say bad or
good things about other character. The last way is what the author says about the
