T: Great …masuk semua ya, tapi Wulan mana? clapping her hands
P: Baru ke warung bentar owg Kak, ntar juga balik T: Ok. Kita tunggu Wulan saja ya? By the way, aku bawa buku untuk kalian.
moving her hands and head Giving English exercise book to the
students
Ok, now, buka halaman tiga. Sudah? moving her head and widening her eyes
P: Sudah Kak…
T: Today we are going to discuss about profession. Hari ini kita akan belajar
tentang profesi, atau pekerjaan. Mengerti? moving her head and widening her eyes
P: Ya Kak. T:
Sekarang…pekerjaan apa saja yang kalian ketahui? clapping and moving her hands
3.6.3 Classifying
After getting the data, the writer classified it based on the kinds of positive reinforcement offered by Turney 1983 which have been mentioned in the
previous chapter. Table 2: The kinds of positive reinforcement by Turney
Kinds of reinforcement Teach
er’s behaviourutterance
Verbal reinforcement Good, OK, Great
Gestural reinforcement Smiling, nodding,
Proximity reinforcement Standing near, walking nearby,
Contact reinforcement Pat on the student‟s shoulder
Activity reinforcement Teacher ask the students to work in group
Token reinforcement Giving bonus mark, candies, etc
3.6.4 Quantifying
Each kind of reinforcement from each meeting are counted as follows: the writer quantified the data from the transcript form and field note, as the example bellow:
The example and its frequency of reinforcement used by the teacher in the first observation:
Saying “Ya”
12 times “Ok”
3 times After that, the writer put the data from each observation into the table as the first
observation. It can be seen as follow: Table 3: Reinforcements used by the teacher
Minutes Verbal
reinforceme nt
Gesture reinforceme
nt Proximity
reinforcemen t
Contact reinforcemen
t Activity
reinforceme nt
Token reinforcement
0-10 11-20
21-30 31-40
41-50 51-60
Total After making the tabulation from the first, second, and third observations, and she
got the result. She‟ll make another table about the result, as you can see below:
Table 4: The whole reinforcements used by the teacher Verbal
reinforcement Gesture
reinforcement Proximity
reinforcement Contact
reinforcement Activity
reinforcement Token
reinforcement 1
st
Observation 2
nd
observations Total
3.6.5 Making Percentage of Each Reinforcements Used During the Teaching and Learning Process
To find out the percentage of the reinforcements that the teacher used, the writer uses this formula:
A Type of Positive Reinforcement Total Positive Reinforcement
3.6.6 Presenting the result
