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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
To pursue the objectives of this study, the following research methodology is partitioned into five sections; i.e. research design, subject of the study, role of the
researcher, procedure of collecting the data, and data analysis.
3.1 Research Design
This is a descriptive qualitative study Miles and Huberman, 1994. In a classroom setting, a piece of descriptive research is carried out by a teacher with
or without the involvement of other investigator in the classroom aimed at „increasing the understanding rather than changing the phenomenon under
investigation‟ Nunan, 1992: 18. This means that this study wants to describe the process of teaching and learning process of writing narrative text to the year
eighth students of SMP Roudlotus Saidiyah Semarang Academic Year 20102011. More specifically, the description part would be central in the data analysis phase.
3.2 The Subject of the Study 3.2.1 Population
Sugiyono 2007: 61 stated that population is generalization area that consists of: objectsubject that has certain quality and characteristic that researcher
chooses to be learned and then the researcher could arrive at conclusion. In
addition, Sugiyono 2008: 215 mentions that in qualitative research the population named social situation that consists of place, actors, and activity. And
the population of this study is the year eighth students of SMP Roudlotus Saidiyah Semarang the Academic Year of 20102011.
3.2.2 Sample
Sample is part of the sum and characteristic that population has Sugiyono, 2007. The conclusion of the sample that has been learned will be applied to the
population. So, the sample which are taken, must be representative. In this study the sample is the year eighth students of SMP Roudlotus Saidiyah Semarang.
They are central to this study as they are the ones who will be observed and investigated.
3.2.3 Sampling Technique
Sugiyono 2008: 64-69 mentioned that there are 2 sampling techniques; probability sampling and nonprobability sampling. Probability sampling consists
of simple random sampling, proportionate stratified random, disproportionate stratifies random, and area random. The nonprobability sampling consists of
systematic sampling, quota, incidental, purposive, census, and snowball. In this case, the writer uses the combination of simple random sampling and purposive
sampling that is purposive random sampling. This means that the writer only took one level with a purpose of the feasibility for this project. And it is made random
to add credibility to sample Miles Huberman, 1994. The writer considers that the year eighth of SMP Roudlotus Saidiyah Semarang are uniques in characters.
Many students come from another city. So, it will make the culture and abilities
different in its distribution. Unlike public schools, SMP Roudlotus Saidiyah is a private school which offers national curriculum plus Islamic related subjects.
3.3 Role of the Researcher
In this study, the writer observes, collects, classifies, analyses, organizes, and interprets the data by collaborating with the English teacher in charge. This
does not mean, however, that the investigator would be involved in the teaching and learning process with the provision of treatment or teaching. Rather, her role
is like an observer who audits the class.
3.4 Procedure of Collecting Data
In doing this research, some of the data are needed to achieve the objective of this research. In order to obtain a valid data and information, the writer will do field
activities. It refers to the activity of collecting the data from the class data collection. There are several techniques to be used in collecting the data. Those
are: a.
Observation The purpose of this activity is to investigate the process of writing and
the teaching of writing. b.
Interview Interviewing the teacher is important to cross-check the class
observation and the findings of this study.
3.5 Procedure of Collecting Data
The data obtained, that are class observation and interview, would be analysed by employing descriptive model offered by Miles and Huberman 1994.
Miles and Huberman suggest that once the data are collected, researcher should decide whether data need to be reduced or directly displayed. Either way, the data
display could only be concluded. The description cycle is projected as follows.
Figure 1. Descriptive Technique Model
Data Collection Data
Display
Data Reduction
Conclusions: drawingverifying
CHAPTER IV
THE RESULT OF ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the writer presents the result of the observation from a perspective
of an observer. The observer describes about the general observation in teaching and learning process that covers time allotment, teacher‟s approach in teaching
writing, students‟ participation, and students writing result. This chapter also describes the challenges and solutions in teaching and learning process that covers
time allotment, school activities, and teacher‟s way to compensate the problem.
4.1 General Observation in Teaching and Learning Process 4.1.1 Time Allotment
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