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4 The psychological empowerment X2; in this present study, it refers to the empowerment which is conceptualized into four cognitions; they are meaning,
competence, self-determination, and impact Chiang and Hsieh, 2012; Tutar et al., 2011.
5 The Asta Brata leadership X3; in this present study, it refers to the leadership which
exemplifies the essential natures of Almighty God, Hyang Widhi, which are
implemented as a totality which greatly contributes to the great authority which a leader has; as a result, heshe can easily activate the human resources, especially hisher
subordinators when doing their jobs Wiratmaja, 1955; Yasasusastra, 2011; Kariyadi, 2013. Such eight natures are referred to as follows:
Indra Brata, Yama Brata, Surya Brata, Casi Brata, Bayu Brata, Dhanaba Brata or Kuwera Brata, Paça Brata, and Agni
Brata. The variables of the present study are measured using the
Likert Scale with the interval of assessment which starts from score 1 completely disagreeing to score 5
strongly agreeing. Each indicator of the variable made up of several items is measured using the average value.
3.2 Population, Sample, and Research Respondent
This present study was conducted at the manufacturing UMKM in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province. The manufacturing UMKM includes wood craft, rattan craft,
precious metal craft, textile industry, batik and tenun ikat industries. The samples were
taken using the quota sampling approach, totaling 90 key human resources taken from 30 manufacturing UMKM in Gianyar Regency.
3.3 Types, Sources and Method of Collecting Data
The data needed in the present study include the qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative data include the number of UMKM, the number of employees, the
respondents’ ages. The qualitative data include the in-depth descriptions of the respondents’ perception of creativity, innovation, structural empowerment, psychological
empowerment, and the asta brata leadership. The data were taken from the primary and
secondary data sources. The primary data source included the research respondents, and the sec
ondary data source included the Center of Statistics Badan Pusat Statistik ‘BPS’ and the Bank of Indonesia’s publications in the Economic and Financial Statistics of Bali
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Province. The data were collected through the research instrument questionnaire and interview.
Before the research instrument was used to collect the data, its validity and reliability were examined. The
product moment correlation was used to examine the validity of the instrument. The instrument is stated to be valid if the coefficient value of the
correlation between the score for each item of question and the total score for every variable is positive and higher than 0.30 or r 0.30. The reliability of the internal
consistency was used to examine the reliability of the instrument in which Alpha Cronbach ά was calculated. The research instrument is stated to be reliable if the score for the
Alpha Cronbach is higher than 0.60 ά≤0.60.
The result of the examination of the instrument validity proved that the instrument can be stated to be valid as the coefficient value between the score for each item of
question and the total score for every variable showed that the coefficient value was higher than 0.30 r 0.30. Similarly, the result of the reliability of the instrument proved that the
instrument can be stated to be reliable, as the value of the Alpha Cronbach for every
variable is higher than 0.60 ά ≤ 0.60.
3.4 Data Analysis Technique
