Identification of Holstein-Friesian Lactating Cows as Good Replacement Stocks under Small-Scale Dairy Farming in a Highland of West Java, Indonesia
Identification of Holstein-Friesian Lactating Cows as Good
Replacement Stocks under Small-Scale Dairy Farming in a
Highland of West Java, Indonesia
Anneke Anggraeni1, *, Tati Herawati1, Subandrio1, Kusuma Diwyanto2, Chalid
Talib2, & Santi Ananda Arta1
1
Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production,
PO Box 221 Ciawi, Bogor, Indonesia
*e-mail: ria.anneke@yahoo.co.id
2
Indonesian Centre Research Institute of Animal Sciences,
Jl. Raya Pajajaran, Bogor, Indonesia
Abstract
Good replacement stock has an essential role to improve animal productivity
and to ensure the sustainability of domestic small-scale dairy cattle farming. This
study was done in HF dairy farmers as the members of two Milk Collection Units
(of 23 MCUs) at North Lembang Milk Cooperation Unit (NLMCU). Research was
located in the selected dairy cattle area of having dense cow population, high milk
production and prospective region in a mountainous field of Lembang Subdistrict,
West Java. Farmers as samples were dominated by small-scale ownerships by
commonly applying a low input system. A recorder was contracted to record daily
milk yield (morning and evening) of individual lactating cows in a rotation manner
for one record per cow per month during five months of lactation from June to
October in 2010. The total number of lactating cows recorded in the accordance of
the recorder capability was 180 heads. The observed cows varied in the status of
early lactation (1-4) and lactation period (1-5). Averages of test day milk from the
1st to 5th months (TD1-TD5) were successively 17.2 ± 4.2, 16.0 ± 3.9, 14.8 ± 3.4,
13.4 ± 2.6, and 13.0 ± 2.3 l/d. Cumulative milk production for 5 months of lactation
(CMP 5mo.) was calculated as the sum of the multiplication of each standardized
TD (TD2-TD6) x 30 (number of days each month). The resulted showed the average
of the estimated CMP 5mo. was 2296 ± 469 lt. (1200-3780 lt.). Cows with CMP
5mo. above 2296 lt. could be considered as good replacement stocks. As the results
of this evaluation was still early, data of completed milk yield and related lactation
traits should be continually collected to get more precisely information in identifying
qualified replacement stocks to ensuring the improvement of dairy cattle milk yield
and productivity.
Key words: dairy cattle, milk yield, replacement stock, small dairy farmer
110
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
Introducton
Natonal dary cattle populaton currently was around 407,767 hds (DGLS,
2010). The hghest populaton was n East Java Provnce by 141,199 hds (34.6%),
followed by Central Java by 190,562 hds (34.4%), and West Java by 120,768 hds
(29%). Java s well known as the Island wth the densest populaton and the hghest
ntensfed-land use. Ths condton made the dary busnesses were mostly carred
out under an ntegrated crop-lvestock system, of whch the sources of forages as
anmal feedng drectly nfluenced by the avalablty of agrcultural and ndustral
crops by-products (Devendra, 1999; Anggraen and Sofyan, 2008).
Small-scale dary farmers commonly faced many constrants such havng
lmted land and captal besde of unwell keepng n breedng and farmng practces
(Kusmanngsh et al., 2008). Cattle were commonly kept n a freestall housng
system from where the supples of feedng and nput producton closely related to the
outsde. Ths caused of most of small dary farmers more lkely takng the decson of
mantanng only lactaton cows compared to hefers and calves (female). Lactatng
cow was consdered drectly generate ncome through the salng on ther mlk yeld
every day, so they could pay daly cost of nput producton.
Producng replacement stoks (RSs), especally young lactatng cows to replace
cows havng a low productvty and to renew old cows, was therefore an essental
aspect n the effort to ncrease domestc fresh mlk producton. Provson of female
cattles as RSs wth a hgh genetc potency to express mlk yeld n the hgh agroecosystem n central dary area n Java then should get attenton. The am of ths
research was to dentfy young lactatng cows to be consdered as qualfed RSs by
producng mlk 30% above the average n small dary farmers.
Materals and Methods
Ths feld research was carred out n a hghland of the central dary regon n
the North Lembang Mlk Cooperaton Unt (MCU), Lembang Dstrct, West Java.
Research locaton was selected for the reason of havng hgh densty of dary cows
and a low rate of anmal mutaton. Dary farmngs studed were represented by
small-scale dary cattle farmngs as the members of the North Lembang MCU. HF
lactatng cows observed came from two Mlk Collectng Groups (MCGs) of Gunung
Putr and Nagrak from the total of the exstng 23 MCGs. These two MCGs were
selected as havng the densest populaton and reachng hgh mlk yeld compared
to those of other MCGs. HF lactatng cows studed were dentfed by purposve
samplng.
Test day mlk yelds (mornng and afternoon) or mlk TDs were recorded for
ndvdual cow per month durng fve months of lactaton observed. Data were recorded rotatonally by a contracted recorder, from July to November, 2010. ReProceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
111
corded cows were selected n more smlar status of lactaton, by consderng the
bologcal aspects of early months or stages of lactaton and lactaton perods. The
total number of cows recorded for ther mlk TDs n one month depended on the
recorder’s capablty. Prevous analyss showed that recorded mlk TDs data were
dstrbuted wthn early lactatons at 1-5 months and lactaton perods of 1-5 tmes.
Ther effects on mlk TDs were nvestgated.
Based on the prevous analyss showed months of lactaton sgnfcantly
affected on mlk TDs (P0.05).
114
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
that was dentfed prevously, were then standardzed to 2-6 months of lactaton.
Standardzaton of mlk TDs was more frequently developed by a quadratc equaton.
The averages of daly mlk yelds as the result of standardzaton nto TD2-TD6 was
presented (Tabel 3).
Further examnaton of the nfluence of dfferent lactaton perods (1-5) on the
standardzed mlk TDs (TD2-TD6) proved that not one of ths effect was sgnfcant
(P>0.05). Ths mpled that standardzaton was not requred to the lactaton perods.
Cumulative Milk Production
Cumulatve mlk producton of fve months of lactaton after standardzed to
the months of lactaton of TD2-TD6 was abbrevated by CMP 5 mo. CMP 5 mo.
for each lactatng cow from the total HF lactatng cows of 154 hds were evaluated.
The estmated CMP 5 mo. of ndvdual HF cows were then be ranked, startng from
the hghest to the lowest ones. The average of the estmatef CMP 5 mo. of the HF
lactatng cows were by 2,296 ± 469 lt wth a range between 1,200-3,780 lt. By
consderng the qualfed RSs as those HF lactatng cows havng CMP 5 mo. of 30%
above the average, therefore those qualfed RSs should reach CMP 5 mo. above
2,985 lt. These qualfed RSs were dentfed for 10 hds, succesvely for the HF cows
No. 4218, A00046, 56, 3707, A.03000, 8354, 2965, 101 138, 31 424, 36 173, 102
361, and 102 096. The frst rank was for the cow of No. 3780 wth CMP 5 mo of
4,218 lt., whle the lowest was for the cow of No. 096 wth CMP 5 mo. by 3,015 lt.
HF cows possesng CMP 5 mo. more than 2,296 lters could be consdered
as qualfed RSs. However, to ensure more cows avalable be used as good RSs n
regardng to replace the cows of less productve and the old ages, then HF lactatng
cow wth CMP 5 mo. exceedng the average of 2,296 ± 469 could be possble to
be consdered as good RSs. By ncludng the cows wth CMP 5 mo. above the
average as good RSs could guarantee more good RSs were avalable for small dary
farmers. These RCs could consdrerably produce optmal mlk under small-scale
dary farmngs. From ths research results, a followng-up acton was requred for
collectng more data n daly mlk yelds and related trats to ndentfed good RSs
better. Lacatng cows that could be dentfed accurately as good RSs became a key
factor of ensurng sustanable of small-scale dary farmngs n our country.
Concluson
• The number of HF lactatng cows dentfed as qualfed RSs for havng CMP 5
mo) 30% above the average denden closely to the average TD mlk yelds of the
cows n the targetted locaton.
• HF lactatng cows classfed as qualfed RSs n ths research locaton (Gunung
Putr and Nagrak MCGs) f ther estmated CMP 5 mo. exceeded 2,985 lt.
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
115
• Qualfed HF RSs n ths research were dentfed for 10 anmals, from whct at
the frst rank was for the cow No. 3780 (CMP 5 mo. = 4,218 lt.) and at the tenth
rank was for the cows No. 102 096 (CMP 5 mo. = 3,015).
References
Anggraen, A., dan S. Iskandar. 2008. Peran buddaya sap perah dalam mendorong
berkembangnya ndustry persusuan nasonal. Wartazoa, Vol. 18, No. 2 Thn.
2008. Hal: 57-68.
Devendra, C. 1999. Daryng n ntegrated farmng systems. In: Smallholder Daryng n The Tropcs. ILRI. pp. 277 – 286.
Dr. Gen. Lvestock Servces (DGLS). 2010. Statstc n Lvestock. Dt. Gen. Lvestock Servces, Mnstry of Agrculture, Jakarta, Indonesa.
Ensmnger, M.E. 1971. Dary Farmng. Danvlle Publsher, 1st ed. USA.
Kusmanngsh, Suslowat, dan K. Dwyanto. 2008. Prospek dan perkembangan
sap perah d Jawa Tengah menyongsong MDG’s 2015. Pros. Semloka Nasonal: Prospek Industr Sap Perah Menuju Perdagangan Bebas 2020. Jakarta, 21
Aprl 2008.Kerjasama Pusltbang Peternakan dan STEKPI. Hal.: 404-412.
Machado, S.G., M.A.R. Fretas, and C.H. Gadn. 1999. Genetc parameter of
test day mlk yelds of Holsten cows. Genetcs and Molecular Bology, Vol.
22,No. 3. Page: 383-386.
Sukandar, A., B.P. Purwanto, dan A. Anggraen. 2010. Keragaan body condton
score dan produks susu sap perah Fresan-Holsten d peternakan rakyat
KPSBU Lembang, Bandung. Prosdng Semnar Nasonal Teknolog Peternakan dan Veterner. 13-14 Agustus 2009. Pusltbang Peternakan. Bogor. Hal:
86-99.
116
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
Replacement Stocks under Small-Scale Dairy Farming in a
Highland of West Java, Indonesia
Anneke Anggraeni1, *, Tati Herawati1, Subandrio1, Kusuma Diwyanto2, Chalid
Talib2, & Santi Ananda Arta1
1
Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production,
PO Box 221 Ciawi, Bogor, Indonesia
*e-mail: ria.anneke@yahoo.co.id
2
Indonesian Centre Research Institute of Animal Sciences,
Jl. Raya Pajajaran, Bogor, Indonesia
Abstract
Good replacement stock has an essential role to improve animal productivity
and to ensure the sustainability of domestic small-scale dairy cattle farming. This
study was done in HF dairy farmers as the members of two Milk Collection Units
(of 23 MCUs) at North Lembang Milk Cooperation Unit (NLMCU). Research was
located in the selected dairy cattle area of having dense cow population, high milk
production and prospective region in a mountainous field of Lembang Subdistrict,
West Java. Farmers as samples were dominated by small-scale ownerships by
commonly applying a low input system. A recorder was contracted to record daily
milk yield (morning and evening) of individual lactating cows in a rotation manner
for one record per cow per month during five months of lactation from June to
October in 2010. The total number of lactating cows recorded in the accordance of
the recorder capability was 180 heads. The observed cows varied in the status of
early lactation (1-4) and lactation period (1-5). Averages of test day milk from the
1st to 5th months (TD1-TD5) were successively 17.2 ± 4.2, 16.0 ± 3.9, 14.8 ± 3.4,
13.4 ± 2.6, and 13.0 ± 2.3 l/d. Cumulative milk production for 5 months of lactation
(CMP 5mo.) was calculated as the sum of the multiplication of each standardized
TD (TD2-TD6) x 30 (number of days each month). The resulted showed the average
of the estimated CMP 5mo. was 2296 ± 469 lt. (1200-3780 lt.). Cows with CMP
5mo. above 2296 lt. could be considered as good replacement stocks. As the results
of this evaluation was still early, data of completed milk yield and related lactation
traits should be continually collected to get more precisely information in identifying
qualified replacement stocks to ensuring the improvement of dairy cattle milk yield
and productivity.
Key words: dairy cattle, milk yield, replacement stock, small dairy farmer
110
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
Introducton
Natonal dary cattle populaton currently was around 407,767 hds (DGLS,
2010). The hghest populaton was n East Java Provnce by 141,199 hds (34.6%),
followed by Central Java by 190,562 hds (34.4%), and West Java by 120,768 hds
(29%). Java s well known as the Island wth the densest populaton and the hghest
ntensfed-land use. Ths condton made the dary busnesses were mostly carred
out under an ntegrated crop-lvestock system, of whch the sources of forages as
anmal feedng drectly nfluenced by the avalablty of agrcultural and ndustral
crops by-products (Devendra, 1999; Anggraen and Sofyan, 2008).
Small-scale dary farmers commonly faced many constrants such havng
lmted land and captal besde of unwell keepng n breedng and farmng practces
(Kusmanngsh et al., 2008). Cattle were commonly kept n a freestall housng
system from where the supples of feedng and nput producton closely related to the
outsde. Ths caused of most of small dary farmers more lkely takng the decson of
mantanng only lactaton cows compared to hefers and calves (female). Lactatng
cow was consdered drectly generate ncome through the salng on ther mlk yeld
every day, so they could pay daly cost of nput producton.
Producng replacement stoks (RSs), especally young lactatng cows to replace
cows havng a low productvty and to renew old cows, was therefore an essental
aspect n the effort to ncrease domestc fresh mlk producton. Provson of female
cattles as RSs wth a hgh genetc potency to express mlk yeld n the hgh agroecosystem n central dary area n Java then should get attenton. The am of ths
research was to dentfy young lactatng cows to be consdered as qualfed RSs by
producng mlk 30% above the average n small dary farmers.
Materals and Methods
Ths feld research was carred out n a hghland of the central dary regon n
the North Lembang Mlk Cooperaton Unt (MCU), Lembang Dstrct, West Java.
Research locaton was selected for the reason of havng hgh densty of dary cows
and a low rate of anmal mutaton. Dary farmngs studed were represented by
small-scale dary cattle farmngs as the members of the North Lembang MCU. HF
lactatng cows observed came from two Mlk Collectng Groups (MCGs) of Gunung
Putr and Nagrak from the total of the exstng 23 MCGs. These two MCGs were
selected as havng the densest populaton and reachng hgh mlk yeld compared
to those of other MCGs. HF lactatng cows studed were dentfed by purposve
samplng.
Test day mlk yelds (mornng and afternoon) or mlk TDs were recorded for
ndvdual cow per month durng fve months of lactaton observed. Data were recorded rotatonally by a contracted recorder, from July to November, 2010. ReProceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
111
corded cows were selected n more smlar status of lactaton, by consderng the
bologcal aspects of early months or stages of lactaton and lactaton perods. The
total number of cows recorded for ther mlk TDs n one month depended on the
recorder’s capablty. Prevous analyss showed that recorded mlk TDs data were
dstrbuted wthn early lactatons at 1-5 months and lactaton perods of 1-5 tmes.
Ther effects on mlk TDs were nvestgated.
Based on the prevous analyss showed months of lactaton sgnfcantly
affected on mlk TDs (P0.05).
114
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
that was dentfed prevously, were then standardzed to 2-6 months of lactaton.
Standardzaton of mlk TDs was more frequently developed by a quadratc equaton.
The averages of daly mlk yelds as the result of standardzaton nto TD2-TD6 was
presented (Tabel 3).
Further examnaton of the nfluence of dfferent lactaton perods (1-5) on the
standardzed mlk TDs (TD2-TD6) proved that not one of ths effect was sgnfcant
(P>0.05). Ths mpled that standardzaton was not requred to the lactaton perods.
Cumulative Milk Production
Cumulatve mlk producton of fve months of lactaton after standardzed to
the months of lactaton of TD2-TD6 was abbrevated by CMP 5 mo. CMP 5 mo.
for each lactatng cow from the total HF lactatng cows of 154 hds were evaluated.
The estmated CMP 5 mo. of ndvdual HF cows were then be ranked, startng from
the hghest to the lowest ones. The average of the estmatef CMP 5 mo. of the HF
lactatng cows were by 2,296 ± 469 lt wth a range between 1,200-3,780 lt. By
consderng the qualfed RSs as those HF lactatng cows havng CMP 5 mo. of 30%
above the average, therefore those qualfed RSs should reach CMP 5 mo. above
2,985 lt. These qualfed RSs were dentfed for 10 hds, succesvely for the HF cows
No. 4218, A00046, 56, 3707, A.03000, 8354, 2965, 101 138, 31 424, 36 173, 102
361, and 102 096. The frst rank was for the cow of No. 3780 wth CMP 5 mo of
4,218 lt., whle the lowest was for the cow of No. 096 wth CMP 5 mo. by 3,015 lt.
HF cows possesng CMP 5 mo. more than 2,296 lters could be consdered
as qualfed RSs. However, to ensure more cows avalable be used as good RSs n
regardng to replace the cows of less productve and the old ages, then HF lactatng
cow wth CMP 5 mo. exceedng the average of 2,296 ± 469 could be possble to
be consdered as good RSs. By ncludng the cows wth CMP 5 mo. above the
average as good RSs could guarantee more good RSs were avalable for small dary
farmers. These RCs could consdrerably produce optmal mlk under small-scale
dary farmngs. From ths research results, a followng-up acton was requred for
collectng more data n daly mlk yelds and related trats to ndentfed good RSs
better. Lacatng cows that could be dentfed accurately as good RSs became a key
factor of ensurng sustanable of small-scale dary farmngs n our country.
Concluson
• The number of HF lactatng cows dentfed as qualfed RSs for havng CMP 5
mo) 30% above the average denden closely to the average TD mlk yelds of the
cows n the targetted locaton.
• HF lactatng cows classfed as qualfed RSs n ths research locaton (Gunung
Putr and Nagrak MCGs) f ther estmated CMP 5 mo. exceeded 2,985 lt.
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
115
• Qualfed HF RSs n ths research were dentfed for 10 anmals, from whct at
the frst rank was for the cow No. 3780 (CMP 5 mo. = 4,218 lt.) and at the tenth
rank was for the cows No. 102 096 (CMP 5 mo. = 3,015).
References
Anggraen, A., dan S. Iskandar. 2008. Peran buddaya sap perah dalam mendorong
berkembangnya ndustry persusuan nasonal. Wartazoa, Vol. 18, No. 2 Thn.
2008. Hal: 57-68.
Devendra, C. 1999. Daryng n ntegrated farmng systems. In: Smallholder Daryng n The Tropcs. ILRI. pp. 277 – 286.
Dr. Gen. Lvestock Servces (DGLS). 2010. Statstc n Lvestock. Dt. Gen. Lvestock Servces, Mnstry of Agrculture, Jakarta, Indonesa.
Ensmnger, M.E. 1971. Dary Farmng. Danvlle Publsher, 1st ed. USA.
Kusmanngsh, Suslowat, dan K. Dwyanto. 2008. Prospek dan perkembangan
sap perah d Jawa Tengah menyongsong MDG’s 2015. Pros. Semloka Nasonal: Prospek Industr Sap Perah Menuju Perdagangan Bebas 2020. Jakarta, 21
Aprl 2008.Kerjasama Pusltbang Peternakan dan STEKPI. Hal.: 404-412.
Machado, S.G., M.A.R. Fretas, and C.H. Gadn. 1999. Genetc parameter of
test day mlk yelds of Holsten cows. Genetcs and Molecular Bology, Vol.
22,No. 3. Page: 383-386.
Sukandar, A., B.P. Purwanto, dan A. Anggraen. 2010. Keragaan body condton
score dan produks susu sap perah Fresan-Holsten d peternakan rakyat
KPSBU Lembang, Bandung. Prosdng Semnar Nasonal Teknolog Peternakan dan Veterner. 13-14 Agustus 2009. Pusltbang Peternakan. Bogor. Hal:
86-99.
116
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012