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4. Disease condition 4.1 Glycaemic control
The mean RBS was 10.7 mmolL SD 4.41, FBS was 8.59 mmolL SD 3.41, 2 HPP was 13.24 mmolL SD 4.77 and HbA1c was 8.34 SD 2.20.There were 18.1 of patients who achieved
HbA1c 6.5 and 30.9 achieved 7.0.
4.2. Blood pressure control
4.2.1 The mean SBP was higher in the females 137.31 mmHg SD 19.93 than in the males
135.86 mmHg SD 18.87. 4.2.2
The DBP was higher in the males 79.32 mmHg SD 10.45 than in the females 78.40 mmHg SD 10.75.
4.2.3 There were 38.2 patients with blood pressure below or equal to 13080 mmHg, while
45.0 and 63.9 of patients had good control of systolic 130 mmHg and diastolic blood pressures 80 mmHg respectively.
4.3 Lipid control
There were 31.0 of patients who achieved LDL 2.6 mmolL.
4.4 Serum creatinine Serum profile
The mean serum creatinine in the study population was 88.45 µmolL SD 49.84.
4.5. Fundus, urine and screening for erectile dysfunction
4.5.1 More than half of the study population had not been tested for urine protein 52.3, urine
microalbumin 64.4, and electrocardiography 63.7. And almost three quarters had not had their fundus examined 73.9.
4.5.2 Only 9.6 of the study’s male population had been screened for erectile dysfunction.
4.5.3 Out of those who had their clinical examinations, one-third had abnormal urine
microalbumin 29.0. One-fifth had abnormal urine protein 22.0, had abnormal fundus 19.9, and were positive for erectile dysfunction 18.7.
4.5.4 Less than 10 of the population who had foot examinations 6.1 and who had tested for
electrocardiography 7.9 had abnormal finding.
4.6 Glomerular filtration rate GFR
The GFR in this study was derived from the Cockcroft-Gault formula. One-fifth 18.7 of the study population had GFR60mlmin.
4.7 Body mass index BMI and waist circumference
Out of those tested, only 14.4 achieved normal BMI. About one-third 33.4 of males had waist circumference less than 90 cm while only 13.8 of females attained their target level of less than
80 cm.
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5.0 Diabetes complications
The rates of diabetes complications were quite low i.e retinopathy 4.4, ischaemic heart disease 3.2, cerebrovascular disease 0.9, nephropathy 1 and foot problem 7.3. However, majority
of the patients have not had screenings for diabetes complications.
6.0 Concomitant co – morbidity
The most commonly documented concomitant co-morbidity was hypertension 40659 57.4; 21381 30.2 had both hypertension and dyslipidaemia and 46072 65 had either one.
7.0 Treatment and management 7.1. Management of diabetes
7.1.1 More than three-fourths 76.3 of the patients in the study were prescribed oral
antidiabetic OAD therapy, 10.0 insulin and 3.2 diet therapy only. 7.1.2
Biguanides 83.2 and sulphonylureas 69.9 were the most frequently prescribed OAD therapies.
7.1.3 Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were prescribed in only 4.8 of patients.
7.1.4 There was minimal use 1 of other OADs such as thiazolidinediones and meglitinides.
7.2. Management of hypertension
7.2.1 Almost two-thirds of the diabetes patients 58.2 were prescribed antihypertensive
treatment. 7.2.2
The most commonly prescribed antihypertensive agents were angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ACE-inhibitor followed by calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, and
diuretics 63.9, 37.0, 36.5 and 23.4 respectively.
7.3 Management of dyslipidaemia
About 37.8 of the patients had known dyslipidaemia. About 41.6 received lipid lowering therapy, primarily a statin.
7.4 Use of anti-plalelet
Only 25.3 patients were prescribed antiplatelet therapy, primarily aspirin.
7.5 Self blood glucose monitoring The number of patients 2427 patients performing self blood glucose monitoring SBGM was
very low. Only one in 30 patients 3.4 in this study practiced this self care behavior.
