Classroom Observation Data Collection Techniques

Juwita Purnama Sari, 2016 THE USE OF PHOTOGRAPH AS A VISUAL AID IN TEACHING REPORT TEXT WRITING Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu Table 3.1 The Schedule of the Research No Activities Meetings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Discussing the activities during the research with the teacher and observing the situation in the classroom √ 2. Classroom observation 1 √ 3. Classroom observation 2 √ 4. Classroom observation 3 √ 5 Classroom observation 4 √ 6. Interview for the teacher √ 7. Interview for the students √ The detail information about the data collections were discussed below.

3.4.1 Classroom Observation

Classroom observation technique was conducted in this study because the data from classroom observation gave detailed descriptions of the learners and the observation Juwita Purnama Sari, 2016 THE USE OF PHOTOGRAPH AS A VISUAL AID IN TEACHING REPORT TEXT WRITING Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu was made at “periodic intervals for an extended period of time” Mackey Gass, 2005, p. 171. In addition, according to Arikunto 2006, observation is the act of collecting data about the performance of a subject through the five senses: sight, smelling, hearing, touching and tasting. Furthermore, according to Creswell 2008, observation is the process of gathering the information by observing the people and place of the research objective. In research, the classroom observation was conducted in the ninth grade class of a Junior High School. In this session, the classroom observation was collected during the teaching- learning process in two weeks or four times at English subject. Each meeting in the classroom observation lasted for sixty minutes. Videotaping was used in each meeting to observe the process of teaching and learning activities by using photograph as a visual aid. The observation was conducted through videotaping in order to get accurate data Gall Borg 2003, p. 257. In recording the data, there are four major types, such as duration, frequency-count, interval, and continuous Gall Borg 2003, p. 257. Videotaping can be replayed several times for checking and correcting the data Fraenkel Wallen, 2009. Furthermore, the recorded from the videotaping was converted into transcriptions written form to be observed by the researcher to answer the research question. Through the classroom observation, both the teacher’s performance and the students’ responses were recorded during the observation. The table below explains the schedule of the classroom observation. Juwita Purnama Sari, 2016 THE USE OF PHOTOGRAPH AS A VISUAL AID IN TEACHING REPORT TEXT WRITING Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu Table 3.2 The schedule of classroom observation No Date Activities 1 October 20 th , 2015 08.20 – 09.40 Recording the classroom activities 1 2 October 22 th , 2015 07.00 – 08.20 Recording the classroom activities 2 3 October 27 th , 2015 08.20 – 09.40 Recording the classroom activities 3 4 October 29 th , 2015 07.00 – 08.20 Recording the classroom activities 4

3.4.2 Interview