OBJECTIVES SCOPES OF WORK VIDEO CODING

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENTS

In recent years, several video compression standards had been proposed for different applications such as CCITT H.261, MPEG71 and MPEG72. Generally, video data constitutes most of the multimedia data. Efficient coding of video is important for effectual usage of limited bandwidth and storage medium. Temporal correlation between successive image frames enables high amount of compression. Motion estimation is an important tool for exploiting temporal correlation. Block based motion estimation with non7overlapping rectangular blocks is used in many video coding standards. In this case, image frames are divided into non7overlapping blocks and the best match is searched around a pre7defined search range using all possible positions for each block. Though this FS method provides optimal quality it significantly suffers from computational load. FS method matches all possible displaced candidate block within the search area in the reference frame in order to find the block with minimum distortion, so this FS algorithm have large motion and more searching point to do the blocks matching and thus the computational may be too complex.

1.3 OBJECTIVES

The main objective of this project is to implement one of the fast BMAs, namely DS algorithm to overcome the problem encountered by FS Algorithm. Besides, the aims are also: a To develop and implement DS algorithm in MATLAB b To compare and analyze the performance of DS algorithm to FS algorithm as well as other common fast BMAs. c To produce a functional MATLAB program code.

1.4 SCOPES OF WORK

The scopes of works in this project are: a Data and theory acquisition on image processing, motion estimation, BMAs and Diamond Search algorithm. b Implementation of DS algorithm on MATLAB. c Performance comparison of the algorithm to other available BMAs.

1.5 THESIS STRUCTURE

Chapter 1 Introduction

General description on the project idea, clarification on the scope of the project, reviews of problem statement which introduces this project and thus the objectives of doing this project.

Chapter 2 Literature Review

This chapter includes the study on the conventional video coding algorithm and the project video coding algorithm. The algorithms are described. The study includes Full Search algorithm, Diamond Search algorithm, New Three Step Search algorithm and Four Step Search algorithm.

Chapter 3 Methodology

This chapter shows the project planning. The project is divided into nine steps and each step is being described.

Chapter 4 Result and Discussion

This chapter shows presentation of the result obtained and discussion is made base on the result. The result is analyzed and then compared with result from other algorithm.

Chapter 5 Conclusion and Suggestion

This chapter gives an overall comment on the project and any suggestion to upgrade the project is given. CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 VIDEO CODING

Video compression is the reduction of amount of data or frame which are used to carry visual images. During video transmission, the important element is the fast transmission of video and at the same time, the quality of the video remains good. Video is a form of sequence of images that are play at a rate. Among two consequences sequences, there could be a lot pixels which are remain unchanged and thus they are redundant and can be eliminated in order for faster data transmission. By identifying the difference of the pixel between the two frames, the video can be reconstructed at the receiver by just sending the differences from the transmitter. Nowadays, most of the video are digital video. File size is an important concern because digital video files tend to take up a lot of storage space on the hard drive. By compressing the video, it is made easier to be stored. Digital video can be compressed without impacting the perceived quality of the final product because it affects only the parts of the video that humans may not really detect. The compressed video can effectively reduce the bandwidth required and thus its application include to transmit video via terrestrial broadcast, via cable TV, or via satellite TV services [1]. Video compression typically operates on square7shaped groups of neighboring pixels, often called macroblocks. These pixel groups or blocks of pixels are compared from one frame to the next and the video compression codec encodedecode scheme sends only the differences within those blocks.

2.2 MOTION ESTIMATION