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High Topicality Active Functional Voice Cluster
The next cluster, in the top middle part of Figure 7, is made up of the two clause types shown in Table 105, listed in decreasing order of mean PC1.
TABLE 105 PC1 AND PC2 AVERAGES FOR HIGH TOPICALITY
ACTIVE FUNCTIONAL VOICE CLUSTER IN MORONENE Clause Type
Occurrences Mean PC1
Mean PC2 V-Opro
113 -0.208
0.684
NOM,V-Opro 48
-0.600 0.549
In terms of PCA scores, the mean PC1 scores are between -0.2 and -0.6, indicating that the undergoer is more topical than the actor. The mean PC2 scores are
between 0.5 and 0.7, indicating that overall topicality is high. Syntactically these two clause types share the features of having a pronominal or implicit subject and a verb with
suffixed pronominal object. The following are examples:
37. ndee wosu n-taa-o, rasai m-ponae-ho
indeed whip LG-sword-3sABS flog LG-saber-3sABS V-Opro
twice „indeed he whipped him with his sword, flogged him with his saber‟ Kada151.265, Kada151.266
RRD Actor: 1 Und.: 1
TP Actor: 8 Und.: 4
RRD Actor: 1 Und.: 1
TP Actor: 7 Und.: 3
38. ka-ndo raa leha-a, iira polele-e
then-3pNOM thither lie-3sABS they place-3sABS pong-kaa-ha-ndo wembe, senona-no kadadi
AF-eat-LOC-3pPOS goat lair-3sPOS animal NOM,V-Opro
„then they went over and laid him down, they placed him in a goat‟s feeding trough, an animal‟s lair‟ Kunini 097a
RRD Actor: 1 Und.: 1
TP Actor: 1 Und.: 7
The topicality measures for this cluster of clause types are shown in Table 106.
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TABLE 106 TOPICALITY MEASURES FOR HIGH TOPICALITY
ACTIVE FUNCTIONAL VOICE CLUSTER IN MORONENE
n=161
Anaphoric Continuity Cataphoric Importance
Referential Distance
Anaphoric Continuity
Actor Undergoer
Topic Persistence Actor
Undergoer 1
High: 10 88
60 High: 3-10
81 61
2-3 Med.: 9-9.5
7 20
4-19 Low: 1-8
5 12
Low: 0-2 19
39 19 Reactiv.
V. Low: 0.5 1
20 New V. Low: 0
7 Standard Deviation
0.98 2.77
Standard Dev. 2.82
2.95 Mean Anaphoric Continuity
9.75 8.77
Mean Topic Pers. 5.35
3.85 Mean Anaphoric Continuity Difference
0.98 Mean Topic Persistence Dif.
1.50
By both topicality measures the actor is more topical than the undergoer. Actors with high cataphoric importance exceed undergoers by a rather small margin: 81 - 61
= 20. As measured by anaphoric continuity, actors exceed undergoers in topicality by a similar small margin, with 95 of actors having high or medium anaphoric continuity
versus 80 of undergoers. By both measures, undergoers retain high topicality. Hence this cluster matches the category of active functional voice. What distinguishes it from
the other two active functional voice clusters is the relatively high undergoer topicality. This is why I label it high topicality active. In this feature it is rather similar to the semi-
active functional voice clusters found in Hebrew Tables 18 and 28. That is why it is further to the left on the plot in Figure 7 than the other active functional voice clauses.
Inverse Functional Voice Cluster
The next cluster, in the middle left hand part of Figure 7, is made up of the two clause types shown in Table 107, listed in decreasing order of mean PC1.
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TABLE 107 PC1 AND PC2 AVERAGES FOR INVERSE FUNCTIONAL
VOICE CLUSTER IN MORONENE Clause Type
Occurrences Mean PC1
Mean PC2 NOM,V-Opro,S
13 -0.818
-0.463
V-Opro,S 13
-1.432 -0.130
In terms of PCA scores, the mean PC1 scores are between -0.8 and -1.5, indicating that the undergoer is significantly more topical than the actor. The mean PC2
scores are between -0.1 and -0.5, indicating that overall topicality is rather low. Syntactically these two clause types share the features of having a nominal subject and a
verb with a suffixed pronominal object. The following are examples: 39. ka-i kaa-hira yo ica
then-3sNOM eat-3pABS ART fish NOM,V-Opro,S
„then the fish ate them‟ Icadiu 303 RRD Actor: New
Und.: 1 TP Actor: 0
Und.: 0
40. ka-i tealo anu-o tina-no
