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First Active Functional Voice Cluster
The next cluster, in the upper right hand part of Figure 7, is made up of the two clause types shown in Table 101, listed in decreasing order of mean PC1.
TABLE 101 PC1 AND PC2 AVERAGES FOR FIRST ACTIVE
FUNCTIONAL VOICE CLUSTER IN MORONENE Clause Type
Occurrences Mean PC1
Mean PC2 monV
13 0.679
0.110
V-Opro,O 136
0.513 0.157
In terms of PCA scores, the mean PC1 scores are between 0.5 and 0.7, indicating that the actor is more topical than the undergoer. The mean PC2 scores are between 0.1
and 0.2, indicating that overall topicality is slightly on the high side. Syntactically these two clause types share the features of having no explicit subject. The following are
examples: 32. ka-i daa penda mo-hule ana-no
then-3sNOM be again AFNF-return child-3sPOS mo-ala
AFNF-take monV
„then her child would go back again and get some‟ Icadiu 034b
RRD Actor: 1 Und.: New
TP Actor: 8 Und.: 0
33. kuu-kuu-o simpa, sasari-o laica
RED-cover.all-3sABS intersection wander-3sABS house V-Opro,O
twice „he went to every intersection, he wandered to houses‟ Kunini 084a, Kunini 084b
RRD Actor: 1 Und.: New
TP Actor: 9 Und.: 0
RRD Actor: 1 Und.: New
TP Actor: 9 Und.: 2
The topicality measures for this cluster of clause types are shown in Table 102.
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TABLE 102 TOPICALITY MEASURES FOR FIRST ACTIVE
FUNCTIONAL VOICE CLUSTER IN MORONENE
n=149
Anaphoric Continuity Cataphoric Importance
Referential Distance
Anaphoric Continuity
Actor Undergoer
Topic Persistence Actor
Undergoer 1
High: 10 97
34 High: 3-10
83 31
2-3 Med.: 9-9.5
2 13
4-19 Low: 1-8
1 14
Low: 0-2 17
69 19 Reactiv.
V. Low: 0.5 9
20 New V. Low: 0
31 Standard Deviation
0.26 4.60
Standard Dev. 2.87
2.51 Mean Anaphoric Continuity
9.97 5.55
Mean Topic Pers. 5.97
2.03 Mean Anaphoric Continuity Difference
4.42 Mean Topic Persistence Dif.
3.94
By both topicality measures the actor is much more topical than the undergoer. Actors with high cataphoric importance exceed undergoers by a large margin: 83 - 31
= 48. As measured by anaphoric continuity, actors have extremely high topicality, with 99 having high or medium anaphoric continuity. By both measures, undergoers retain
considerable topicality: 47 have high or medium anaphoric continuity, and 31 have high cataphoric importance. Hence this cluster matches the category of active functional
voice.
Second Active Functional Voice Cluster
The next cluster, in the middle part of Figure 7, is made up of the three clause types shown in Table 103, listed in decreasing order of mean PC1.
258
TABLE 103 PC1 AND PC2 AVERAGES FOR SECOND ACTIVE
FUNCTIONAL VOICE CLUSTER IN MORONENE Clause Type
Occurrences Mean PC1
Mean PC2 V
15 0.252
0.346
NOM,V-Opro,O 48
0.149 0.086
NOM,monV 20
0.140 0.134
In terms of PCA scores, the mean PC1 scores are between 0.1 and 0.3, indicating that the actor is slightly more topical than the undergoer. The mean PC2 scores are
between 0.0 and 0.4, indicating that overall topicality is slightly on the high side. Syntactically these three clause types share the features of having a pronominal or
implicit subject. The following are examples: 34. sampe me-tiihako mbue-do mebinta hai
until INTNF-descend grandparent-3pPOS from at sangia ari ko-dewata, te-tii itai me-sisiwi
heaven finish have-gods INT-descend help INTNF-coax V
„until their grandfather came down from heaven, from the land of the gods, came down to
help coax [her]‟ Maegani 335e RRD Actor: 1
Und.: 3 TP Actor: 0
Und.: 7 35. ka-i raa renta-ho katora
then-3sNOM thither pull-3sABS betelnut_container saporiti, beu sang-ko-wulaa
pinchbeck basket one-have-gold NOM,V-Opro,O
„then he went over and pulled out a pinchbeck betel nut container, a golden basket‟ Kada151.601
RRD Actor: 1 Und.: New
TP Actor: 10 Und.: 0
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36. Ka-i po-oli. Po-oli koie ica
