3.4.2 Observation
Observation was used as the primary data collection method to measure the students’ active participations during the teaching and learning process. Observation
in this research was conducted to record the students’ activities and response in teaching and learning process. The observation of this research used a checklist
containing the students’ participation in the teaching and learning process of writing descriptive text by using individual pictures. The checklist was used in collecting
the data to observe whether they were active or passive during the teaching learning activities. Here the researcher observed the students’ active participation from some
indicators as follows: The students’ active participation
1. The students mention ideas or words related to the picture,
2. The students discuss the result of their work clearly,
3. The students write sentences related to the picture,
4. The students write a descriptive text by using individual pictures.
The student was categorized as an active student if at least three indicators were fulfilled. On the other hand, if the students fulfilled only one indicator. He or
she was categorized as a passive student. The following was the form of the observation checklist for the students’ participation:
Table. 3.3 The observation checklist
No. Name
Indicators Total
Active Passive
1 2
3 4
1 2
3
3.4.3 Interview
Interview in this research was conducted in the preliminary study to find the students’ problem in learning writing. It was conducted with the English teacher of
the eighth grade in SMPN 7 Probolinggo to get information about the teaching of writing dealing with the media, the problem that students faced, and the books was
used by the English teacher. McMillan 1992: 132 states that interview is a form of data collection in
which questions are asked orally and the subjects’ responses are recorded. He also divides interview into three categories: semi structured interview, structured
interview, and unstructured interview. The type of the interview in this research was semi structured interview. It means that a list of questions was prepared and it was
used to get information needed.
3.4.4 Documentation
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