Research Hypothesis LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESIS

2.7 Research Hypothesis

There is a significant effect of using the inductive method in teaching simple past tense through the narrative stories on the eighth grade students of simple past tense mastery at SMPN 2 Sukodono Lumajang. 18

CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter presents the research methods that were used in this research. The research methods consist of research design, area determination method, respondent determination method, data collection methods, and data analysis method. Each topic will be explained in detail in the following parts respectively.

3.1 Research Design

The research design applied in this research was pre-experimental design: statistic-group comparison. Moore 1983: 172 says that statistic-group comparison design is the same as post-test only control-group design. In this case, the nature of the treatment is controlled by the researcher McMillan, 1992:143. The experimental research is one of the most powerful research methodologies that the researcher can use to know cause and effect relationships among variables. According to Arikunto 2010:161, variable is the objects of the research. In an experimental research, there are two kinds of variables namely independent variable and dependent variable. Fraenkel and Wallen 2005:43 state that the independent variable is the variable that the researcher chooses to study in order to assess their possible effects on one or more other variables. Thus, the dependent variable is the variable that the independent variable is presumed to affect. In other words, the independent variable is the variable manipulated which concern to the effect on the dependent variable. It is stated by Fraenkel and Wallen 2005:267 that in an experimental research, the researcher manipulates the independent variable. Furthermore, they decide that the nature of treatment that is, what is going to happen to the subjects of the study, to whom it is to be applied, and to what extent. It means that the independent variable in an experimental research has the treatment given to the respondents of the research in a certain level to know the effect of using it. On the other hand, Fraenkel and Wallen 2005:268 explain that the experimental group receives a treatment of some sorts such as a new text book or