The Abuse Of Toward Christen In S.J. Waston’s Novel Before I Go To Sleep

THE ABUSE OF TOWARD CHRISTEN IN S.J. WASTON’S NOVEL BEFORE I GO TO SLEEP

A PAPER

BY

YUSLIDA ZULKANITA REG. NO. 122202034

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDY

DIPLOMA-III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM MEDAN

It has been proved by Supervisor ,

Drs.Bahagia Tarigan,M.A

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Study, University of North Sumatera in partial Fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA( DIII) in English

Approved by

Head of Diploma III English Study Program

NIP.19521126198112 1 001 Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A.

Approved by the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Cultural Study, University of North Sumatra As a Paper for the Diploma (DIII) Examinition

Accepted by The Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Diploma III Examination of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Study, University of North Sumatera.

The Examination is held on July 2015

Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara Dean,

NIP : 191511013197603 1 001 Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A

Board of Examiner Signature

1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. 2. Drs.Bahagia Tarigan,M.A

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, YUSLIDA ZULKANITA, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : YUSLIDA ZULKANITA

Title of paper : THE ABUSE OF MIKE TOWARDS CHRISTEN IN S.J.WATSON BEFORE I GO TO SLEEP

Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Department Faculty of Culture Studies USU on understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :

ABSTRAK

Novel is an extended fictional work in prose and usually in the form of story This paper is entitled The Abuse of Mike towards Christen Novel: Before I go to Sleep. Before I go to Sleep is the first novel written by S.J.Watson . It is a work of fiction tells the story of Mike sacrifice for love Christen so that they can live together , but the way Mike is wrong with the way hitting the bottle making Christen Christen with dementia . Christen always suspicious of Mike's story about her past so Christen go to the therapist and revealed Mike was all lies. In the writing of the paper, the writer uses library method and finds other information from written books deal with literature. All data collected, analyzed, also interpreted for conclusion material in writing this paper.

ABSTRAK

Novel adalah sebuah karya fiksi prosa yang panjang dan biasanya membentuk suatu cerita. Kertas karya ini berjudul The Abuse of Mike towards Christen in Novel: Before I go to Sleep. Before I go to Sleep adalah novel Pertama yang ditulis oleh S.J.Watson merupakan sebuah fiksi yang menceritakan tentang pengorbanan Mike untuk mendapatkan cinta Christen agar mereka dapat hidup bersama, tetapi cara Mike yang salah dengan cara memukul Christen dengan botol membuat Christen lupa ingatan. Christen selalu curiga dengan cerita Mike tentang masa lalunya sehingga Christen pergi ke therapist dan terungkap lah semua kebohongan Mike. Dalam penulisan karya ini, penulis menggunakan metode perpustakaan dan menemukan informasi lain dari buku yang berhubungan dengan sastra. Semua data dikumpulkan, dianalisis, serta diinterpretasikan untuk bahan kesimpulan dalam penulisan kertas karya ini.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.

First of all, I would like to thank and praise the Almighty God, Allah SWT for blessing and giving me health, strength, and ease to accomplish this paper as one of the requirements to get Diploma III certificate from English Department Faculty of Culture Study, University of North Sumatera.

Then, I would like to express a deep gratitude, love, and appreciation to:

• My beloved parents, M.Yusuf and Elida Lubis . Thank for all your motivations, advices, loves, prays, and finances for me. I will not able to do anything without the supports from both of you. Thanks for anything. I present this paper for you.

• My beloved sister, Rahmadani Eldiyus , Yuslia Safrina, thank for all of your helps . I love you.

• My lovely cousin, Lisa Ardiyanti Lubis , thanks sist for your support. • Dr. Matius C.A Sembiring, M.A, as the Head of English Diploma Study Program and also as my supervisor too, who gives me a lot of knowledge and advice. Thank for the valuable time for giving the correction in completing this paper.

• Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A, as the Dean of Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.

• All lecturers in English Diploma Study Program for giving me motivation, inspiration, and knowledge. I really appreciate them.

• My dear Yohana Evelyn Sinaga , Annisa Fitri (icut), Erydha Pratiwi (erydha), Yuslida Zulkanita ( I ), Shella Destriani (Shella), Kharunnisa (Nisa), Eka Wardhana Damanik (Eka), Bonifasia

br.karo (boni) . Thank you guys for your loves, supports, helps, and everything. Thanks for great moment. All of you so awesome. I love and miss you so much.

• My lovely someone, M. Ridwan Nasution , who always make me smile and make my world alive. And also thanks for your attention, helps, and spirit. You are the best.

• All of my friends in Diploma III English Study Program, thanks for happiness and sadness. I love you guys.

Finally, I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore, I welcome any constructive critics and suggestions toward this paper.

Medan, Juli 2015 The Writer

Yuslida Zulkanita Reg.No.122202034

TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHOR’SDECLARATION……….………...i COPYRIGHTDECLARATION……….………...ii ABSTRAK..………...iii ABSTRACT…….………...iv ACKKNOWLEDGMENT………...v

TABLE OF CONTENTS………...vii

1.INTRODUCTION 1.1Background……….……...1

1.2 Problem of Study………...5

1.3 Scope of Study………...5

1.4 Purpose of Study………5

1.5Method of Study………5

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Novel………..6

2.2 Character………8

2.3 Plot………...13

2.4 Setting………..15

2.5 Point of View………...16

2.6 Theme………...18

2.7 Abuse………....19

3.THE ABUSE OF MIKE TOWARDS CHRISTEN 3.1 Life of Christen………20

3.2 Life of Mike...……….22

3.3 The Strategies of Mike to get Christen’s love………..23

3.4 The Abuse of Mike Towards Christen……….24

4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 4.1Conclusions………..……….25

4.2Suggestions…………..………...26

REFERENCES………...…..27

ABSTRAK

Novel is an extended fictional work in prose and usually in the form of story This paper is entitled The Abuse of Mike towards Christen Novel: Before I go to Sleep. Before I go to Sleep is the first novel written by S.J.Watson . It is a work of fiction tells the story of Mike sacrifice for love Christen so that they can live together , but the way Mike is wrong with the way hitting the bottle making Christen Christen with dementia . Christen always suspicious of Mike's story about her past so Christen go to the therapist and revealed Mike was all lies. In the writing of the paper, the writer uses library method and finds other information from written books deal with literature. All data collected, analyzed, also interpreted for conclusion material in writing this paper.

ABSTRAK

Novel adalah sebuah karya fiksi prosa yang panjang dan biasanya membentuk suatu cerita. Kertas karya ini berjudul The Abuse of Mike towards Christen in Novel: Before I go to Sleep. Before I go to Sleep adalah novel Pertama yang ditulis oleh S.J.Watson merupakan sebuah fiksi yang menceritakan tentang pengorbanan Mike untuk mendapatkan cinta Christen agar mereka dapat hidup bersama, tetapi cara Mike yang salah dengan cara memukul Christen dengan botol membuat Christen lupa ingatan. Christen selalu curiga dengan cerita Mike tentang masa lalunya sehingga Christen pergi ke therapist dan terungkap lah semua kebohongan Mike. Dalam penulisan karya ini, penulis menggunakan metode perpustakaan dan menemukan informasi lain dari buku yang berhubungan dengan sastra. Semua data dikumpulkan, dianalisis, serta diinterpretasikan untuk bahan kesimpulan dalam penulisan kertas karya ini.

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of Study

There have been various ways to define what literature is. Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken material. Broadly, “literature” is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination. Literature introduces us to new worlds of experience. It provides an objective base for knowledge and understanding. It also exercises our emotion through interest, concern, excitement, hope, fear, regret, laughter, and sympathy.

Roberts and Jacobs (1995:2) say, “literature may be classified into four categories or genre: (1) prose fiction, (2) poetry, (3) drama, (4) nonfiction prose.” From the four categories of literature, the writer chooses to discuss the prose fiction, especially on novel. Fiction is a name for stories not entirely factual, but at least partially shaped, made up, imagined. Novel is one of the prose fictions. It reflects a move away from an essentially religious view of life towards a new interest in the complexities of everyday experience. Sometimes, novels present a documentary picture of life. In fact, novels look at people, individual, society in which they live, and presenting characters who are at odds with the society.

Peck and Coyle (1998:102) say, “Most novels are concerned with ordinary people and their problems in the societies in which they find themselves.” Some of novels are fiction (unreal) and some of them are nonfiction (real) based on true stories. Novels are about people, and the role of things there is always likely to be a secondary one. And yet many readers like being told about them. The novel

informs about something more than human nature: it explains how to deal with a shipwrecked vessel if cast away on a desert islands, cook a meal or hunt whales. Today, novel has attracted interest and attention for many people, and other young generation.

Taylor (1981:46) says, “The novel was the first of the two to develop and from the end of the Neo-Classical period it was recognized as a major literary form. It is normally a prose work of quite some length and complexity which attempts to reflect and express something of the quality or value of human experience or conduct. Novel’s subject may be taken from patterns of life or as an exotic and imaginative time or place.

The work may create the illusion of actual reality or frankly admit the artificiality of its fictional world in order to direct our attention to an imaginative relationship between the subject matter or theme of the work and the real world in which we actually live. Novel BEFORE I GO TO SLEEP published in 21 century by S.J.Watson.

Altenbernd and Lewis (2007: 2-3) say, “The narrative prose fiction essays that are imaginative, but usually sensible and contains a truth that dramatizes the relationships between people.”

The intent of the statement is the result of the imagination of fiction written by authors who can be accepted by the general public. Accidental, fictional composition can also happen in real life. Such as the similarity of story, character or scene. Even the author of more frequent lifting an event that actually

happened in real life. However, all was intentionally exaggerated by the author to be more attractive and much in demand by the general public.

ACENG Hasani (2005: 21)says, “In nonfiction is written by the form of data and facts. So there is no element of the author's imagination.”

In this case, ACENG Hasani imposes limits that an essay can be classified into nonfiction essay there in if there are data that can be verified. In addition, nonfiction essays have also been prepared by the facts that actually occurred in the field without any element of imagination of the author. According to the two paraghraph above that fiction and facts are different.

The novel which discuss in this paper is written by S.J.Watson wih tittle Before I go to Sleep. Steve "S. J." Watson (born 1971) Watson was born in and specialized as an impaired children. In the evenings and weekends he wrote fiction. S.J.Watson is an English writer. S. J. Watson lives in London and worked in the National Health Service for a number of years. In 2009 Watson was accepted into the first Faber Academy Writing a Novel course, a rigorous and selective program that covers all aspects of the novel-writing process. Before I Go to Sleep is the result.He debuted

in 2011 with the thriller novel

have been sold in 42 different countries around the world and it has gone on to be an international bestseller.

In a fiction novel, the readers will be able to know more about character. Character is the fictional people who are part of the action of a literary work . Character can be good people or bad people. The good one is remembered in terms of the good they do, their achievement or sacrifies. The bad is one usually extraordinary evil and is remembered for their terrible things to do. Character has an important role in a story. Character make a story become interesting and real.In novel, we can know wheather a novel deserve to read or no is from character. Without character, the novel is not special and nothing.

This novel tells about the abuse of mike towards christen. Christine Lucas than her actual age. She doesn’t recognize the man lying next to her. The 40-year-old in the mirror doesn’t look right. She’s not even sure where she is. Not unlike amnesia. She was in a car accident over a decade ago. Since that day, she has rebooted after every night’s sleep. She doesn’t remember anything that happened the day before, and only gets occasion flashes of memory of the past 14 years. Her husband Ben helped by photos on the bathroom wall with Post-Its like “Ben, Your Husband.” Each day, Ben explains Christine’s predicament to her, as he goes to work and she sits around the house, waiting for the next night’s restart button.

Finally, the research of this paper focuses on the abuse in the novel written by S.J.Watson entitle Before I go to Sleep. This is the background as well as the reason as why this paper focused on abuse in this paper.

1.2 The problem of this study

1) What are the Mike’s strategies in order to get Christen’s love ? 2) What makes Christen know her past ?

1.3 Scope of Study

1) To describe the strategies of Mike in making Christen thinks to love him. 2) To describe the things that can leading Christen loves at Mike.

1.4 Purpose of Study

To find out all the strategies that Mike applied to persuade Christen, therefore Christen loves at him.

1.5 Method of the study

The method applied in writing this simple paper is liberary research, because all the data for analysis are taken from written text, that is the novel.

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Novel

Novel is an extended fictional work in prose and usually in the form of story. The novel was originally developed in the region from other forms of narrative nonfiction, such as letters, biographies, and history. But with a shift in society and development time, the novel is not only based on data nonfiction, author of novel can change according to desire imagination. The genre has historical roots both in the fields of the medieval and early modern romance and in the tradition novel. The construction of the narrative, the plot, the way reality is created in the works of fiction, the fascination of the character study, and the use of language are usually discussed to show a novel’s artistic merit. Most of these requirements were introduced in the 17th century in order to give fiction a justification outside the field of factual story. The individualism of the presentation makes the personal memoir and the autobiography the two closest relatives among the genders of the modern histories.

Taylor (1981:46) says, “The novel was the first of the two to develop and from the end of the Neo-Classical period it was recognized as a major literary form. It is normally a prose work of quite some length and complexity which attempts to reflect and express something of the quality or value of human experience or conduct. Novel’s subject may be taken from patterns of life or as an exotic and imaginative time or place. The work may create the illusion of actual reality or frankly admit the artificiality of its fictional world in order to direct our

attention to an imaginative relationship between the subject matter or theme of the work and the real world in which we actually live.

Reeve (1785) says, “The novel is a picture of life and manners, and of the time in which is written. The romance, in lofty and elevated language, describes what never happened nor is likely to happen.”

Watson (1979:4) says, “A novel is a way learning about how things were or are-cognitive instrument; and those who distrust stories as evidence should consider how often conversation we use them to make a points or answer questions.” It means novel has many function to inform or make a points or in some subjects of distrust stories. A work of fiction with fewer than 30,000 to 40,000 words is usually considered a short story, novelette, or a tale, but the novel has no actual maximum length. The novel is a literary prose shaped like a short story. Both novel and short story tell all events or problems that occur in human life. The difference takes place is historian. Short story kinds to be single plot and limited in member but novel is longer.

Good novels stay in the mind days after one has completed reading it. In other words, good novels give food for thought in every reader. In example, they stimulate one’s thinking, or the ‘feel good’ element in the novel makes the reader play it out many, many times in their mind so they can relieve the ‘feel good’ moments again and again. The novel contains moral massages that writer wants to give for every reader. The novel is a good read for self improvement. A good novel is a novel that can humanize and entertain the reader.

2.2 Character

In fiction, a character may be defined as a verbal representation of a human being. We can conclude characters are the persons presented in works of narrative such as novel, drama, or film who convey their personal through dialogues and action by which the reader or audience understand their thoughts, feelings, intentions, and motives. Through action, speech, description, and commentary, author portray character that are worth caring about, rooting for, and even loving. Although, there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even hate.

Bonazza and Roy (1982:3) say, “Character and characterization are closely related but essentially different concepts. Character refers to one of the persons in the story-the end results of the author’s effort to create a fictional personality. On the other hands, characterizations refers to the means by which the writer creates the sum of traits, thoughts, and action which, taken together, constitute a character.

Literary characters may belong to a number of stock types: a euphoric, a romantically, a frivolous and shallow sophisticate, a mild-mannered, selfeffacing office worker, a diffident but resourceful and brave, an impractically gallant adolescent, and so on.

Foster (1927) says, “There are two basic major types of character “round character” and “flat character” Round character is that they recognize, change with, or adjust to circumstances. The round character are usually the main figure

un a story, profit from experience and undergoes a change or alternation, which may be shown in an action or actions, the realization of new strength and therefore the affirmative of previous decisions, the acceptance of new condition, or the discovery of unrecognized truths. The round character usually plays a major role in a story. Round characters are often called the hero or heroine.

Many main characters are anything but heroic, however, and it is therefore preferable to use the more neutral word protagonist. The protagonist is the central of the action, moves against an antagonist, and exhibits the ability to adapt to new circumstances. In contrast, Flat characters do not grow. They remain the same because they may be stupid or insensitive or lacking in knowledge or insight. They end where they begin. But the flat characters are not therefore worthless, for the usually highlight the development of the round characters. Generally, flat characters are minor, although not all minor characters are necessarily flat. Sometimes, the flat characters are prominent in certain types of literature, such as cow boys, police, detective stories, where the focus is less on character than on performance. They must be strong, tough, and lever enough to perform recurring tasks like solving crime, overcoming a villain, or finding a treasure. The term stock character refers to characters in these repeating situations. To the degree that stock characters have many common traits, they are representative of their class, or their group. Such characters, with variations in names, ages, sexes, have been constant in literature since the ancient Greeks. Some regular stock characters are the insensitive father, the interfering mother, the sassy younger brother or sister, the greedpolitician, the resourceful cowboy or

detective, the overbearing or henpecked husband, the submissive or nagging wife, and the angry police captain. Stock characters stay flat as long as they merely perform their roles and exhibit conventional and unindividual traits. When they posses no attitudes except those of their class, they are labeled stereotype, because they all seem to be cast from the same mold or printing matrix. Other concept relating to characters are static character and dynamic character or developing. The concept of static suggests the opposite with dynamic. Static character never changes. A loud, obnoxious “background” character who remains the same throughout the story is static. A boring character that is never changed b y events is also static. The concept of developing or dynamic character suggest that the character achieves a different view of life as a result of some insight gained from conflict and is no longer quite the same person as before. Dynamic character is unlike a static characters, a dynamic character does change and grow as the story unfolds. Dynamic characters respond to events and experience a change in attitude or outlook. There are two other important terms to keep in mind for describing people: protagonist and antagonist. The protagonist is the major character with whom we generally sympathize. The main character in a story is generally known as the protagonist. The character who opposed him or her is the antagonist. The antagonist is the character with who the protagonist is in the conflict. The antagonist is generally not sympathize. The character who opposed him or her is the antagonist.

Stanford (2003:38) says that character is the fictional people who are part of the action of a literary work. The characters also should have motivation.

Motivation in this term is the reason or reasons that cause a character to think, act, or speak in a certain way.

Character is revealed by how a character responds to conflict, by his or her dialogues, and through descriptions. Every character have different purpose such as: telling a story, as an example of a conviction, in support of certain symbols in the novel and to facilitate the development of the plot in novel. In novel, a character doesn’t need many characters. Stories, like plays, are about characters. A character that though is not real people, are drawn life. A Story is usually concerned with a major problem that character must face. This may be involved interaction with another character, with a difficult situation, or with an idea or general circumstance that force action. The character may win, lose, or tie. He or she may learn and be the better for the experience or may miss the point and be unchanged.

Peck and Coyle (1986:105) says that the definition of character in literary work or not like real life people for they have been specially created by authors. When authors create characters, they select some aspects of ordinary people, develop some of those aspects while playing down others and put them together as they please. The result is an ordinary person, but a fictional character who only exist in the words of literary work. Based on the statement above that characters is probably an imagined person who inhabits a story, although that simple definition may admit to a view exceptions, but usually have recognize, in the main character of the story human personalities that become function to us. If the story seems true in life, we generally find that its character act in a reasonably consistent

manner and that the author has provided them with motivation, sufficient reason to behave as they do.

Roberts and Jacobs (1995) say,” A Character is a reasonable facsimile of a human being, with all the good and bad traits of being human.

Taylor (1981:62) says that a character in a novel or play is not real human being and has no life outside the literary compositions; however well the illusion of reality has been created by the author.

Richard (1981:62) says that a character is a mere construction of words meant to express an idea or view of experience and must be considered in relation to other features of the compositions.

Reader and woods (1987) say,” The character in a good novel are interesting, interesting, intriguing consistent, convincing, complex and realistic. If the author has created a particularly vivid or individualistic character, then we, as readers, will find that character interesting regardless of whether or not symphatize with him or her.” They also explain about the way to express a character with some points that consist of:

1. What they say about themselves 2. What others say about their characters

3. What is said by the narrator or the author of their 4. The reaction of another character

5. The figures reaction to a particular situation 6. The character reactions to their environment

7. Physical characteristics and the shape of their bodies 8. How to dress them

9. Accent or their social position 10. The attitude of their lives 11. Their education

12. Habits and their mental condition

2.3 Plot

Plot is a simple account of what happens in a story. Another definition of plot is the arrangement of the events in a story into a causal sequence. The plot is based on the interactions of causes and effects as they develop sequentially or chronologically.

Peck and coyle (1986:88) says, “Plot, however, is a more inclusive term: it could be said to be the fully-developed version of the story.” It means, plot takes account of the nature of the characters, the way in which events are related to each other and their dramatic effect.

Kennedy (1991:7) says that plot is the artistic arrangement of those events. It means the most important element among other elements of fictions because a structure events arising out of the conflict. Plot is the logical interactions of the various thematic elements of a text which lead to a change of the original situation as presented at the outset of the narrative. One of the most important elements in shaping a work of fiction is plot.

Scharbach (1965:270) says, “Plot is the action of the narrative considered as an interrelation of incidents and episodes to form a story pattern.” It ordinarily means the parts of the story, the various stages of the protagonist’s conflict leading to some climax and following denouement or conclusion. Some modern “plotless” narratives still have story parts, but the design of their arrangement differs radically from the old chronological order.”

Bonazza and Roy (1982:3) say that among the formal elements of plot are: exposition, background; conflict, the opposition of forces, internal or external; complication, the development of predictable or unforeseen contingencies in the action; foreshadowing, a hint of what is to come; reversal, a change in fortune experienced by the protagonist; denouement, the final outcome of the sequence of events; and insight, recognition by the protagonist of his or her nature or fate. The technical competence on the part of an author in manipulating plot does not make a literary work great, or even worth a second reading. What does make a work great and worthy of repeated reading is its power to engage the reader’s intellect and emotions. This power is achieved by the author’s creative imagination

working through the skillful manipulation of all the elements that go into the making of a story.

2.4 Setting

Setting refers to the time, place, and social reality within which a story takes place. In some stories, the setting becomes a character itself. We have no understanding where we are, in which period of time, in which society and at which level at the society if we are to interpret correctly the other elements in the story.

Stanford (2003: 44) says that setting is the time and place of a literary work. Setting includes social, political, and economic background as well as geographic and physical locations. Two kinds of aspect in setting are exterior setting and interior setting. The exterior setting is aspects of setting that exist outside the character. Likewise, the interior setting is aspects of setting that exist inside the minds and hearts of the characters.

Taylor (1981:69) says that setting is a major factor in the formulation of subject matter and a directed influence on the expression theme. As in the case of the other factors, however, setting needs to be realistic, nor, in fact, even physical. Historical time (past, present or future) is very effective for certain narratives and an accurate geographical location advisable, but it is also possible to set a fiction in some vague undetermined time, omitting historical references altogether in

localized in a particular and known place or an unspecified and unfamiliar region, depending on the author’s particular need.

Gwynn (2002:17) says that setting is simply the time and the place of a story, and in most cases the details of descriptions are given to the reader directly by the narrator. Stories contain both specific and general setting. The specific setting is the precise times and places. The general setting of a story, its enveloping action, is its sense of the “times” and how its characters interact with events and social currents in the larger world. From the study of the setting would be known the extent of conformity and correlation between behavior and temperament with the community leaders, social, situation, and opinion of society.

2.5 Point of View

Point of view is the position from which the details of the work are reported or described. The concept of point of view introduced in the discussion on character and characterization requires a more detailed explanation because of its importance to the structure of a story.

Roberts and Jacobs (1995:180) say “Point of view refers to the position and stance of the voice, or speaker that authors adopt for their work. Every story has a narrator, a voice or character that tells about a work of a fiction.

Kennedy (1991:19) says that to identify the narrator of a story, describing any part he or she plays in the events and any limits placed upon his knowledge, is to identify the story’s point of view. This way is very important to do.

Taylor (1981:72) says that point of view actually operates on two different levels within a narrative. The first is structural and has a direct influence on the action by determining the degree of knowledge or understanding given to the reader. The second level is stylistic or textural, and therefore indirect. Its aim is to give an indication of values or judgements which may stem from the fictional narrator, the author, or both. In a story, we can classify point of view into the first –person point of view and the third-person point of view. The first-person point of view or participant narrator, the story is told by a character within the story, a character using the first pronoun, I. If the narrator is the main character, the point of view is the first person protagonist. If the narrator is thesecondary character, the point of view is first person observe. In the third point of view or nonparticipant narrator, the story is not told by a character but by an “invisible author.” It means the story is using the third person pronoun (he, she, and it) to tell the chronology of a story. If the third person narrator gives us the thoughts of characters (He wondered where he’d lost his baseball glove), then he is a third person dramatic narrator. Different points of view can emphasize different things. A first person protagonist narrator would give us access to the thought and characteristic of the main character. If the author does not want us to have that access, he could use the first person observe, for example, or the third person dramatic.

2.6 Theme

Theme is one of the fundamental components in a story or fiction. Broadly, a theme is central of idea or basic story which is become food for thought. A theme of the story relates to the practice of human life, human experience, impressive. Themes can be divided into two categories: a work thematic concept is what readers “think the work is about the subject.”

Peck and Coyle (1984:141) says that theme of work is the large idea or concept it is dealing with. In order to grasp the theme of work, we have to stand back from the text and see what sort of general experience or subject links all its details together.

Bonazza and Roy (1982:10) say, “The theme of a story is the generalization about human life that can be drawn from the outcome of the conflict and from the support provided by tone, attitude, atmosphere, setting, and symbolism, or allegory.” It means a theme like a complete expression and necessarily accurate in a story.

Stanford (2003:53) says that theme is the central idea you seek as you read a work and think about it. The theme of a work is generalization: an idea that can be broadly applied both to the work itself and to real-life situation outside the work. For conclusion, we also get the definition of them. The theme is overall meaning the readers derive from a story. Theme is one of the very important parts in a story.

2.7 Abuse

Abuse is the improperly gain benefit. Abuse can come in many forms, such as: physical or verbal maltreatment, injury, other types of

Human being has ever experienced problems and abuse in their live. Abuse are feelings of pain in human mental that caused by illness, injury, or emotions. People who have abuse usually frustrate and loss experience in their live.

Gibran (1923) says that out of abuse have emerged the strongest souls; the most massive characters are seared with scars. God created the problem to test his people to be a strong human, patient, faithful, and always obey for him. Obey all of his rules and shun all of his bans.

Aristotle (347-322 BC) says that abuse becomes beautiful when anyone bears great calamities with cheerfulness, not through insensibility but through greatness of mind. Abuse can become an important course in our life. Because of all, without pain, there would be no abuse , without abuse we would never learn from our mistake. To make it right, pain and abuse is the key to all windows, without it, there is no way in life.

3. THE ABUSE OF MIKE TOWARDS CHRISTEN

3.1 Life of Christen

Christen Lucas is forty-seven year old woman who suffered a terrible assault the left her with brain damage for the past eighteen years, Christen has been unable to retain new memories. Christine Lucas wakes every morning thinking she is a carefree, twenty-something woman with a bright future ahead of her.

“Cry out, a wordless gasp that would turn into a shriek of shock were i to let it, and then notice the eyes. The skin around then them is lined , yes, but despite everything else, i can see that they are mine. The person in the mirror is me, but, i am twenty year sold. Twenty five. More” (Before I Go To Sleep, p. 05)

At first, the help of a doctor who specializes in memory disorders, Christine begins to keep a journal that helps her piece together her past and how she ended up as she has.

“Dr.nash’d already explained that Ben doesn’t know we are meeting, but now Ben told me I ought to think carefully about wheather I wanted to tell him about the journal I was keep. You might fell inhibited.”( Before I go to Sleep, p. 39)

Christen’s memories would last only seconds, but over the years she has recovered enough to retain memories for a full day with the memories disappearing with deep sleep overnight. Christen wakes next to a strange man,

thinking she is a twenty-something young woman who has had a one night stand with someone’s husband.

“The Bedroom is strange. Unfamiliar. I don’t know where I am, how I came to be here. I don’t know how I’m going to get home.” (Before I go to Sleep, p, 03)

Christine finds pictures taped to the wall of herself as a much older woman and the man in the bed who tells her he is her husband. Christine is shocked and frightened, especially when a glance in the mirror tells her that the pictures are accurate even though she is convinced she is only twenty-five, not forty-seven. The man in the bed tells her he is her husband Ben, that they have been married for many years, and that she had an accident that has left her unable to retain new memories.

“The man is sitting up in bed, his eyes half closed.” Who are you ? “ .“I am your husband,” he says. His face is sleepy , without a trace of annoyance. He doesn’t look at my naked body. “ we’ve been married for years .” “what do you mean ?” I say. I want run, but there is nowhere to go. “ married for years? What do you mean ?” He reminds me of my father .“We got married in 1985, he says.”( Before I go to Sleep,p.06)

As Christine struggles with the loss of her child each day that she reads about it in her journal, she becomes aware of lies Ben has told her over the past few weeks. Dr. Nash makes excuses to her about this, but Christine struggles to trust Ben. Then Christine remembers the name of her best friend and learns that she has left a number for Christine at the facility where she lived for years after her injury.

divorced her several years ago. Christine is touched by the letter and decides to tell her husband everything.Christine has reached the end of the journal. Comforted by what she has read, Christine prepares to go on a short vacation with her husband. However, when they arrive at their destination, Christine realizes that Ben has taken her to the same hotel that was the scene of the attack that left her with her memory loss. In Ben's luggage, Christine finds several pages from her journal and discovers that they hold the secret to her current circumstances. It turns out that Ben is not Ben, but a man named Mike with whom Christine had a brief affair eighteen years ago. With this knowledge, Christine suddenly remembers the attack, remembers that Mike did this to her. Christine fights valiantly when Mike comes into the room and somehow survives, memory intact. However, no one knows if she will still remember after she falls asleep.

“I remembered him asking me to marry him, on holiday in Verona, and the rush of excitement I’d felt as I said yes. And our wedding too, our life. I remember it all. I smile.” I love you, “ I whisper, and close my eyes, and I sleep.”(Before I Go To Sleep, p. 363)

3.2 Life of Mike

Mike is a man who is loving Christen so much, and Mike is the Christen’s affair. Mike hope , Christen can live together with him forever. Because of that, Mike made srategies to get Christen’s love. Mike made a fake story about Christen’s life and told that Mike is Christen’s husband.

“ In the photograph we are both smiling at the camera, holding hands. He is handsome, attractive,

and when I look closely, i can see that it’s the same man i slept with, the one i left in the bed. The word Ben is writing beneath it, and next to it, your husband.”(Before I Go To Sleep, p. 05)

3.3 The Strategis of Mike to get Christen’s Love

Firstly, Mike hit Christen’s head with a bottle. In order to Christen lost all of her memory about her family. Secondly, Mike took care Christen with affection. Thirdly, Mike made a fake story about Christen’s life. Mike said that : a. Mike is Christen’s husband.

b. Mike and Christen met in Oxford University but it’s different faculty. After graduated Christen worked in Secretarial work.

c. Mike and Christen had a child who named Adam. Adam was dead in the war of Afganistan.

d. Mike and Christen love each other until now.

Finally, Christen began, can’t believed with Mike’s story. She went to dr. Nash (therapist) and find out all of the true story.

3.4 The Abuse of Mike Towards Christen

Claire (her bestfriend) told Christen that the man who lives with her not Ben, Christen remembered when Christen to run off from Mike, Mike pull Christen’s foot in the hotel.

Christen told Mike that She met therapist (dr.Nash) to get her memory again and Christen must made a journal to remembered all og her activity every day, Ben was very angry and slap Christen’s cheek.

Ben brough Christen to Reinaaisane Hotel, which a place Mike made Christen lost her memory. Christen began remembered slowly. What happened in this hotel. Christen began scare. Mike asks Christen to resemble him and kiss him, Christen remembered about Adam (her child wih Ben), Mike was very angry and bump her head to the door. Christen was slient.

After that, Mike wanted live together with Christen, and christen doesn’t. a. Mike was angry and agonized Christen.

b. Mike hit Christen’s head with the handle of telephone. c. Mike slap Christen’s cheek.

d. Mike crush Christen’s face and cheek.

e. Mike hit Christen’s head with the glass bottle.

f. Mike hit Christen’s with the handle of lamp. And the last, Mike kicked Christen.

4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion

After finishing this paper , the abuse of Mike towards Christen is showed in the novel “ Before I go to Sleep “ that the Mike’s strategies in order to get Christen’s love and Christen will leave Mike after she knows her past.From this and the things that can lead Christen loves at Mike. Find out all the strategies that Mike applied persuade to Christen, therefore Christen because love at him.

The ending of before I go to sleep novel is happy. When Mike took Christen to the Reinasanne hotel, Christen began remembered the things was happened in this hotel. Mike said, “ forget your Adam and Ben and we will live happy forever.” But Christen doesn’t. So, Mike agnozied Cristen , that’s so cruel. Christen can save herself from Mike with the injured in her face. After the accident, the police came and catched Mike. Christen were taken to the hospital to get the treatment. Ben came to visit Christen and kiss her forehead. Adam also came and hug Christen(her mother) with affection. Ben and Adam come because dr. Nash told them that Christen get many injured cause agonized by Mike and she is in the hospital now.

4.2 Suggestion

Now, the writer of this paper has finished writing chapter one to chapter three, and in finishing this paper, she will write chapter four (conclusion). In the conclusion, there is sub-chapter. That is suggestion. Therefore, the writer suggests that this paper can be added to the libraries at University of Sumatera Utara (USU) in general and Faculty of Cultural Studies (FIB) in particular. In addition to it that the writer hopes it can be useful for any readers. The writer also suggests other students to read a others novels.

REFERENCES

Ayatrohaedi. 2002. Penelitian Dialektologi. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa. Dickens, Charles. 1970. Hard Times. London, Longman.

Foster ,E.M. 1970. Aspect of the novel. London: Macmillan Education Limited Kennedy, X.J. 1983. An introduction to fiction, Poetry, and drama.Canada: Little,

Brown & Company Limited.

Mahsun. 2005. Metode Penelitian Bahasa. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.

Montgomery, Martin. 1990. An Introduction to Language and Society. London: Penguin books.

Moleong, lexy, j.1993. Metodologi penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.

Peck, John, and Martin. 1984. Literary Terms and Criticism.London: Macmillan Education Ltd.

Rees, R.J. 1973. English Literature. London: Macmillan Education Limited. Samsuri. 1982. Analisis Bahasa. Jakarta. Erlangga.

Scharbach, Alexander.1965.Crictical Reading and Writing.USA:McGraw-Hill,inc Sembiring, C.A. Matius. 2014 Buku Pedoman Program D-3 Studi Bahasa Inggris.

Medan. Unpublished

2011.

Sudaryanto. 1993. Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press.

Suryabrata. 1984. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Angkasa.

Suryabrata, Smadi. 2002. Metode Penilitan. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada. Spear, Josephine. 1958. Teacher’s Manual for adventures in English Literature.

New York: Harcout.

Taylor, Richard. 1981. Understanding the Elements of Literarture. London: The Macmillan Pres Ltd.

Watson, George. 1979. The story of the novel. London: The MacMillan Press Ltd Watson.S.J.2011.Before I go to sleep.United States: New York Times. WellekRene, Austin Warren.1990. Teori Kesusastraan.Jakarta:Gramedia Pustaka.

APPENDICS 1. The Biography of S.J.Watson

S.J. Watson

Steve Watson, a 40-year-old British audiologist, was working with deaf children when he started writing a novel about memory loss and identity. He’d started and abandone droughly 20 other novels, but this one found its way into the hands of a literary agent. Thenovel, “Before I Go to Sleep,” quickly sold in 37 countries and was optioned for film byRidley Scott. Improbably, Mr. Watson’s debut novel has emerged as one of the mosthotly anticipated thrillers of the summer.“Before I Go to Sleep,” out this week, centers on Christine, a middle-aged woman who suffers memory loss after a traumatic event. She wakes up

every morning thinking she is a young single woman, only to discover that she is in her late 40s and married to a mannamed Ben. She keeps a journal in order to piece her life together, and worries Ben isn’ttelling her the truth about her accident and condition. Though much of the novel takes place in Christine’s home and in her head, Mr. Watson packs explosive tension into even the most mundane scenes.Mr. Watson spoke by phone and was occasionally interrupted by a panting dog (his pug, Lola).1926 and had a cycling accident. He had severe epilepsy. As a young adult, a surgeon removed part of his brain. The operation was successful but it left him without the ability to form new memories…That was the spark for the book. I thought about a woman looking at herself in the mirror and expecting to see a young girl there, and instead seeing a woman approaching 50. That was the opening scene of the book.

2. The Summary of Before I Go To Sleep

Christine Lucas 15 years younger than her actual age. She doesn’t recognize the man lying next to her. The 40-year-old in the mirror doesn’t look right. She’s not even sure where she is. Not unlike psychogenic amnesia. She was in a car accident over a decade ago. Since that day, she has rebooted after every night’s sleep. She doesn’t remember anything that happened the day before, and only gets occasion flashes of memory of the past 14 years. Her husband Ben morning, helped by photos on the bathroom wall with Post-Its like “Ben, Your

Husband.” Each day, Ben explains Christine’s predicament to her, as he goes to work and she sits around the house, waiting for the next night’s restart button.

a. From the very beginning of “Before I Go to Sleep,” this premise feels faulty, at best. As directed by scenes make it clear that this is not a film with actual characters or relatable people within it. There’s no exhaustion in Ben’s voice, as there would be having done this routine every single day. Everything about the moment reeks of manipulative set-up instead of something real, and that feeling that you’re being as played with as Christine herself. “Before I Go to Sleep” is a movie with nothing to hold on to but a paper-thin mystery with really only one of two possible suspects in the end.

b. As you can guess, there’s more to Christine’s story than Ben’s initial explanation. After her husband leaves for work, she gets a call from Dr. Nasch past few weeks. He tells her to find the digital camera in the back of her wardrobe. She’s been recording revelations every day, reminding herself of what she’s discovered about Ben, her “accident” and more. She hasn’t lost her memory from a car accident. She was brutally attacked. By whom? Why? And what else is Ben keeping from her? How much could you trust someone who you think is a stranger even if he tells you he’s not?

c. Of course, every question in a film like this has an answer. It’s a screenwriting exercise more than a film. It’s hollow, the kind of quick beach read that could satisfy on a summer vacation (and was based on such a book) but Joffe

hasn’t justified transitioning it to the big screen. There’s no edge, no pulp, no grit under its fingernails.

d. Part of the problem is that Joffe seems bored by his own material. “Before I Go to Sleep” needed to be stylish to play like a classic thriller or edgy to replicate the sense of confusion inherent in Christine’s situation. It’s neither. The film is visually flat, disappointingly shot mostly in boring close-ups as one of the three central actors explains what’s happening now. And Joffe and his team try to increase the film’s intensity with boring, cheap sound design, with multiple occasions of trucks that barely miss Christine as she’s crossing the street or quick cuts to a loud, overhead plane. It’s supposed to be unsettling. It’s just cheap.

e. Partially by virtue of its piling-up revelations and dual suspect structure (only Ben or Dr. Nasch could be the “bad guy” since there’s no one else in the movie that seems to matter, especially not a character named Claire who really could have been named Plot Device), “Before I Go to Sleep” is a film that’s constantly explaining itself to you. Here’s what Christine knows now. Here’s the latest revelation. Here’s how she feels about it. Every scene is designed to push you to a new revelation. Honestly, I longed for just one scene of everyday life in Christine’s existence to add an ounce of realism to the production. It’s a film with no characters. To be fair, the fact that Kidman gets this much honest emotion out of this script is a testament to her skill level. With a lesser actress, the result would be even more disingenuous. She gives it her all. The movie just gives nothing back to her.

Watson, George. 1979. The story of the novel. London: The MacMillan Press Ltd Watson.S.J.2011.Before I go to sleep.United States: New York Times. WellekRene, Austin Warren.1990. Teori Kesusastraan.Jakarta:Gramedia Pustaka.

APPENDICS

1. The Biography of S.J.Watson

S.J. Watson

Steve Watson, a 40-year-old British audiologist, was working with deaf children when he started writing a novel about memory loss and identity. He’d started and abandone droughly 20 other novels, but this one found its way into the hands of a literary agent. Thenovel, “Before I Go to Sleep,” quickly sold in 37 countries and was optioned for film byRidley Scott. Improbably, Mr. Watson’s debut novel has emerged as one of the mosthotly anticipated thrillers of the summer.“Before I Go to Sleep,” out this week, centers on Christine, a middle-aged woman who suffers memory loss after a traumatic event. She wakes up

every morning thinking she is a young single woman, only to discover that she is in her late 40s and married to a mannamed Ben. She keeps a journal in order to piece her life together, and worries Ben isn’ttelling her the truth about her accident and condition. Though much of the novel takes place in Christine’s home and in her head, Mr. Watson packs explosive tension into even the most mundane scenes.Mr. Watson spoke by phone and was occasionally interrupted by a panting dog (his pug, Lola).1926 and had a cycling accident. He had severe epilepsy. As a young adult, a surgeon removed part of his brain. The operation was successful but it left him without the ability to form new memories…That was the spark for the book. I thought about a woman looking at herself in the mirror and expecting to see a young girl there, and instead seeing a woman approaching 50. That was the opening scene of the book.

2. The Summary of Before I Go To Sleep

Christine Lucas 15 years younger than her actual age. She doesn’t recognize the man lying next to her. The 40-year-old in the mirror doesn’t look right. She’s not even sure where she is. Not unlike psychogenic amnesia. She was in a car accident over a decade ago. Since that day, she has rebooted after every night’s sleep. She doesn’t remember anything that happened the day before, and only gets occasion flashes of memory of the past 14 years. Her husband Ben morning, helped by photos on the bathroom wall with Post-Its like “Ben, Your

Husband.” Each day, Ben explains Christine’s predicament to her, as he goes to work and she sits around the house, waiting for the next night’s restart button.

a. From the very beginning of “Before I Go to Sleep,” this premise feels faulty, at best. As directed by scenes make it clear that this is not a film with actual characters or relatable people within it. There’s no exhaustion in Ben’s voice, as there would be having done this routine every single day. Everything about the moment reeks of manipulative set-up instead of something real, and that feeling that you’re being as played with as Christine herself. “Before I Go to Sleep” is a movie with nothing to hold on to but a paper-thin mystery with really only one of two possible suspects in the end.

b. As you can guess, there’s more to Christine’s story than Ben’s initial explanation. After her husband leaves for work, she gets a call from Dr. Nasch past few weeks. He tells her to find the digital camera in the back of her wardrobe. She’s been recording revelations every day, reminding herself of what she’s discovered about Ben, her “accident” and more. She hasn’t lost her memory from a car accident. She was brutally attacked. By whom? Why? And what else is Ben keeping from her? How much could you trust someone who you think is a stranger even if he tells you he’s not?

c. Of course, every question in a film like this has an answer. It’s a screenwriting exercise more than a film. It’s hollow, the kind of quick beach read that could satisfy on a summer vacation (and was based on such a book) but Joffe

hasn’t justified transitioning it to the big screen. There’s no edge, no pulp, no grit under its fingernails.

d. Part of the problem is that Joffe seems bored by his own material. “Before I Go to Sleep” needed to be stylish to play like a classic thriller or edgy to replicate the sense of confusion inherent in Christine’s situation. It’s neither. The film is visually flat, disappointingly shot mostly in boring close-ups as one of the three central actors explains what’s happening now. And Joffe and his team try to increase the film’s intensity with boring, cheap sound design, with multiple occasions of trucks that barely miss Christine as she’s crossing the street or quick cuts to a loud, overhead plane. It’s supposed to be unsettling. It’s just cheap.

e. Partially by virtue of its piling-up revelations and dual suspect structure (only Ben or Dr. Nasch could be the “bad guy” since there’s no one else in the movie that seems to matter, especially not a character named Claire who really could have been named Plot Device), “Before I Go to Sleep” is a film that’s constantly explaining itself to you. Here’s what Christine knows now. Here’s the latest revelation. Here’s how she feels about it. Every scene is designed to push you to a new revelation. Honestly, I longed for just one scene of everyday life in Christine’s existence to add an ounce of realism to the production. It’s a film with no characters. To be fair, the fact that Kidman gets this much honest emotion out of this script is a testament to her skill level. With a lesser actress, the result would be even more disingenuous. She gives it her all. The movie just gives nothing back to her.