ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEMISKINAN DI KECAMATAN JELBUK KABUPATEN JEMBER
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI
KEMISKINAN DI KECAMATAN JELBUK KABUPATEN
JEMBER
SKRIPSI
diajukan guna melengkapi tugas akhir dan memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk
menyelesaikan studi di Fakultas Ekonomi (S1)
dan mencapai gelar Sarjana Ekonomi
Oleh
IMRON FATURAHMAN
NIM : 040810101298
ILMU EKONOMI
FAKULTAS EKONOMI
UNIVERSITAS JEMBER
2009
ABSTRACT
This research aim to know the influence of family earnings, family head
education, and sum of the family member to poorness in Sub district Jelbuk of
Jember Regency. This research use analyze method the doubled linear regresi by level
of significance (α = 5 %). The result of research indicate that the regression
coefficient (b1) is 0,192 this means that family earnings have the positive influence,
the value of regression coefficient (b2) is 2003,267 this means that education of
family head have the positive influence, and the value of regression coefficient (b3) is
25272,9 this mean that sum of the family member have the negative influence to
poorness. The examination of independent variable influence to variable dependen by
using F test obtained the value of probabilitas Fhitung is 0,000 this mean that level of
significant (α = 5%) this means that free variable of family earnings, education of
family head and sum of the family member by together have the influence which
significant to variable trussed that is poorness.
The t test used to know the influence of each independent variable by parsial
to variable dependen, what its influence is significant or not. Family earnings (X1)
have the value of t-statistic probability is 0,000 smaller than α = 0,05 meaning that X1
have the influence which significant to Y, family head education (X2) have the value
of t-statistic probability is 0,036 smaller than α = 0,05 meaning that X2 have the
influence which significant to Y, and sum of the family member (X3) have the value
of t-statistic probability is 0,000 smaller than α = 0,05 meaning that X3 have the
influence which significant to Y. This value of R2 represent the index determination
that is percentage of influence contribution by together among X1, X2, and X3, to Y is
0,821 or 82,1 %, and residu is 17,9 % influenced by other factor which is not
analyzed in this research.
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL ....................................................................................
i
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN .....................................................................
ii
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN...................................................................
iii
HALAMAN MOTTO...................................................................................
iv
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ......................................................................
v
HALAMAN PEMBIMBINGAN ...............................................................
vi
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ......................................................................
vii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................
viii
RINGKASAN................................................................................................
ix
PRAKATA ....................................................................................................
xi
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................
xiii
DAFTAR TABEL .........................................................................................
xvi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................
xvii
BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN...........................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang.........................................................................
1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................
5
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian.....................................................................
6
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian...................................................................
6
BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................
8
2.1 Landasan Teori ..........................................................................
8
2.2 Garis Kemiskinan ......................................................................
9
2.3 Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kemiskinan..................
10
2.4 Pengaruh Pendapatan Keluarga Terhadap Kemiskinan ......
13
2.5 Pengaruh Pendidikan Terhadap Kemiskinan ........................
14
2.6 Pengaruh Jumlah Tanggungan Keluarga Terhadap
Kemiskinan................................................................................
15
2.7 Hasil Penelitian Sebelumnya ....................................................
15
2.8 Kerangka Konseptual ...............................................................
17
2.9 Hipotesa Penelitian ....................................................................
18
BAB 3. METODE PENELITIAN ..............................................................
19
3.1 Jenis Penelitian .........................................................................
19
3.2 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ...............................................
19
3.2.1 Populasi..............................................................................
19
3.2.2 Sampel dan Besar Sampel..................................................
19
3.2.3 Teknik Pengambilan Sampel .............................................
21
3.3 Metode Pengumpulan Data ......................................................
22
3.4 Metode Analisa Data .................................................................
23
3.5 Uji Statistik.................................................................................
23
3.5.1 Uji F (Uji Serentak) ...........................................................
23
3.5.2 Uji t atau Uji Pengaruh Parsial...........................................
25
3.5.3 Koefisien Determinasi Berganda ( R2) ..............................
26
3.6 Uji Ekonometrika (Uji Asumsi Klasik) ...................................
27
3.6.1 Uji Multikolinearitas ..........................................................
27
3.6.2 Uji Heteroskedastisitas.......................................................
27
3.7 Definisi Variabel Operasional dan Pengukurannya ..............
28
BAB 4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ......................................................
30
4.1 Gambaran Umum Daerah Penelitian ......................................
30
4.1.1 Letak dan Keadaan Geografis ............................................
30
4.1.2 Komposisi Penduduk Menurut Jenis Kelamin dan Umur ..
30
4.1.3 Komposisi Penduduk Menurut Mata Pencaharian .............
32
4.1.4 Jumlah Sarana Pendidikan..................................................
32
4.1.5 Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Tingkat Pendidikan ................
33
4.2 Deskripsi Variabel Penelitian ...................................................
34
4.2.1 Keadaan Responden Menurut Pendapatan Keluarga..........
34
4.2.2 Keadaan Responden Menurut Tingkat Pendidikan ............
35
4.2.3 Keadaan Responden Menurut Jumlah Tanggungan
Keluarga..............................................................................
36
4.2.4 Keadaan Responden Menurut Tingkat Kemiskinan...........
37
4.3 Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda ............................................
37
4.3.1 Uji Statistik.........................................................................
39
4.3.2 Uji Ekonometrika ...............................................................
41
4.4 Pembahasan ...............................................................................
42
4.4.1 Pengaruh Pendapatan Keluarga Terhadap Kemiskinan.....
43
4.4.2 Pengaruh Pendidikan Kepala Keluarga Terhadap
Kemiskinan..........................................................................
43
4.4.3 Pengaruh Jumlah Anggota Keluarga terhadap Kemiskinan
43
BAB 5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ......................................................
45
5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................
45
5.2 Saran ...........................................................................................
45
DAFTAR PUSTAKA....................................................................................
46
LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................
48
KEMISKINAN DI KECAMATAN JELBUK KABUPATEN
JEMBER
SKRIPSI
diajukan guna melengkapi tugas akhir dan memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk
menyelesaikan studi di Fakultas Ekonomi (S1)
dan mencapai gelar Sarjana Ekonomi
Oleh
IMRON FATURAHMAN
NIM : 040810101298
ILMU EKONOMI
FAKULTAS EKONOMI
UNIVERSITAS JEMBER
2009
ABSTRACT
This research aim to know the influence of family earnings, family head
education, and sum of the family member to poorness in Sub district Jelbuk of
Jember Regency. This research use analyze method the doubled linear regresi by level
of significance (α = 5 %). The result of research indicate that the regression
coefficient (b1) is 0,192 this means that family earnings have the positive influence,
the value of regression coefficient (b2) is 2003,267 this means that education of
family head have the positive influence, and the value of regression coefficient (b3) is
25272,9 this mean that sum of the family member have the negative influence to
poorness. The examination of independent variable influence to variable dependen by
using F test obtained the value of probabilitas Fhitung is 0,000 this mean that level of
significant (α = 5%) this means that free variable of family earnings, education of
family head and sum of the family member by together have the influence which
significant to variable trussed that is poorness.
The t test used to know the influence of each independent variable by parsial
to variable dependen, what its influence is significant or not. Family earnings (X1)
have the value of t-statistic probability is 0,000 smaller than α = 0,05 meaning that X1
have the influence which significant to Y, family head education (X2) have the value
of t-statistic probability is 0,036 smaller than α = 0,05 meaning that X2 have the
influence which significant to Y, and sum of the family member (X3) have the value
of t-statistic probability is 0,000 smaller than α = 0,05 meaning that X3 have the
influence which significant to Y. This value of R2 represent the index determination
that is percentage of influence contribution by together among X1, X2, and X3, to Y is
0,821 or 82,1 %, and residu is 17,9 % influenced by other factor which is not
analyzed in this research.
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL ....................................................................................
i
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN .....................................................................
ii
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN...................................................................
iii
HALAMAN MOTTO...................................................................................
iv
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ......................................................................
v
HALAMAN PEMBIMBINGAN ...............................................................
vi
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ......................................................................
vii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................
viii
RINGKASAN................................................................................................
ix
PRAKATA ....................................................................................................
xi
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................
xiii
DAFTAR TABEL .........................................................................................
xvi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................
xvii
BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN...........................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang.........................................................................
1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................
5
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian.....................................................................
6
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian...................................................................
6
BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................
8
2.1 Landasan Teori ..........................................................................
8
2.2 Garis Kemiskinan ......................................................................
9
2.3 Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kemiskinan..................
10
2.4 Pengaruh Pendapatan Keluarga Terhadap Kemiskinan ......
13
2.5 Pengaruh Pendidikan Terhadap Kemiskinan ........................
14
2.6 Pengaruh Jumlah Tanggungan Keluarga Terhadap
Kemiskinan................................................................................
15
2.7 Hasil Penelitian Sebelumnya ....................................................
15
2.8 Kerangka Konseptual ...............................................................
17
2.9 Hipotesa Penelitian ....................................................................
18
BAB 3. METODE PENELITIAN ..............................................................
19
3.1 Jenis Penelitian .........................................................................
19
3.2 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ...............................................
19
3.2.1 Populasi..............................................................................
19
3.2.2 Sampel dan Besar Sampel..................................................
19
3.2.3 Teknik Pengambilan Sampel .............................................
21
3.3 Metode Pengumpulan Data ......................................................
22
3.4 Metode Analisa Data .................................................................
23
3.5 Uji Statistik.................................................................................
23
3.5.1 Uji F (Uji Serentak) ...........................................................
23
3.5.2 Uji t atau Uji Pengaruh Parsial...........................................
25
3.5.3 Koefisien Determinasi Berganda ( R2) ..............................
26
3.6 Uji Ekonometrika (Uji Asumsi Klasik) ...................................
27
3.6.1 Uji Multikolinearitas ..........................................................
27
3.6.2 Uji Heteroskedastisitas.......................................................
27
3.7 Definisi Variabel Operasional dan Pengukurannya ..............
28
BAB 4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ......................................................
30
4.1 Gambaran Umum Daerah Penelitian ......................................
30
4.1.1 Letak dan Keadaan Geografis ............................................
30
4.1.2 Komposisi Penduduk Menurut Jenis Kelamin dan Umur ..
30
4.1.3 Komposisi Penduduk Menurut Mata Pencaharian .............
32
4.1.4 Jumlah Sarana Pendidikan..................................................
32
4.1.5 Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Tingkat Pendidikan ................
33
4.2 Deskripsi Variabel Penelitian ...................................................
34
4.2.1 Keadaan Responden Menurut Pendapatan Keluarga..........
34
4.2.2 Keadaan Responden Menurut Tingkat Pendidikan ............
35
4.2.3 Keadaan Responden Menurut Jumlah Tanggungan
Keluarga..............................................................................
36
4.2.4 Keadaan Responden Menurut Tingkat Kemiskinan...........
37
4.3 Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda ............................................
37
4.3.1 Uji Statistik.........................................................................
39
4.3.2 Uji Ekonometrika ...............................................................
41
4.4 Pembahasan ...............................................................................
42
4.4.1 Pengaruh Pendapatan Keluarga Terhadap Kemiskinan.....
43
4.4.2 Pengaruh Pendidikan Kepala Keluarga Terhadap
Kemiskinan..........................................................................
43
4.4.3 Pengaruh Jumlah Anggota Keluarga terhadap Kemiskinan
43
BAB 5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ......................................................
45
5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................
45
5.2 Saran ...........................................................................................
45
DAFTAR PUSTAKA....................................................................................
46
LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................
48