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just above the fully open position. lips are lightly and the back of the
tongue is in the fully open position.
2.6.2 Long vowels
Long vowels are the vowels which tend to be longer than the short vowels in similar context.There are five long vowel sounds in English. The
symbol for these long vowel are i: u: : : :.
i: lips are spread the front of the sides of the tongue touches molars. u: the back of the tongue is raised the lips are rounded and the
tongue is tense. : lips are relaxed and neutrally spread. The centre of the
tongue is between the half-close and half-open position. : lips are loosely
rounded and the back of the tongue is raised to between the half-open and
half-closed position. : lips are neutrally open and the tongue is between
the centre and the back in the fully open position.
2.6.3 Diphthongs
According to Jones 2003, a diphthong is a sound that there is a glide from one to another. A diphthong is also defined as a combination of
vowel sounds that acts like long vowels in one syllable. However, according Hill and Ure 1962 a diphthong can be a combination of two
vowels even they do not belong to the same syllable.
2.7 Vowel Quality
According Lagefoged and Johnson 2011 showed that the speech sounds can be different in pitch, in loudness an in quality. He stated the
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differences in quality of a vowel depends on its overtime structure. It means that a vowel sound sound contain a number of different pitches
stimultaneously. There is pitch which s actually spoken and the various overtone pitches that gives distinctive quality. He also said that one vowel to
anotherr can be distinguished by the differencess in these overtones. Johnson 2011 said the overtones are called formant.
Ladefoged 2011 said that there are two features of vowel quality. They are height and backness that are used to contrast one vowel with
another, and there are other features that are used less frequently. In this case, the feature of vowel quality based on the explanation of Lagefoged can be
concluded the formant frequency has some affects. Such as frequency of formant one affect height and frequency of formant two affects backness.
2.8 Instrument to vowel Quality
According Sharma and Podesva 2013 said that there are four kinds of transcribing software. Those are Praat, CLAN, ELAN, TypeCraft. The
writer chooses Praat software because it is easier than others. It makes easier the writer to analyze and it is also easy to understand for me as beginner.
Praat has been designed for both beginners and expert users Goldman, 2004. Praat is a software tool for speech signal edition and labeling, as well
as for various acoustic analyses spectral, formant, pitch, intensity. The praat program is designed by Paul Boersma and David Weenik of the Institute of
Phonetic Science of the Amsterdam. The home page is http:.praat.org
or http:www.fon.hum.uva.n1praat
. The praat is one of computer software that
