2.1.2.3 Vocabularies Proposed in the Curriculum
The goals of Indonesian government in teaching English to the fifth grade of elementary school are able to listen, to read, to pronounce, and to write some
English words; the students have functional skill in sentences and English utterances dealing with student’s environment and student’s school GBPP, 1994:
6. Those goals are related to English vocabulary teaching. The Indonesian government lists English in its curriculum and inside of it; there are English words
for the fifth grade students.
2.1.2.4 Approaches to Vocabulary Learning
Nation 1990: 2 divides vocabulary learning into direct learning and in- direct learning. He defines the meaning of direct vocabulary learning as the
learners do exercises and activities that focus their attention on vocabulary. Some examples of those activities are word-building exercises, guessing words from
context when it is done as class exercises, learning words in list, and vocabulary games. On the contrary, indirect vocabulary learning is defined as the learners’
attention is focused on some other features, usually on the message that is conveyed by a speaker or a writer. Krashen 1981 as it is stated in Nation 1990:
2 believes that certain conditions must be applied for such learning to occur. First, the learners must be interested in understanding the message. Second, the
messages should contain some items that are just outside the learner’s present level of achievement. Third, the learners should not feel worried or threatened by
their contact with the foreign language. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Vocabulary teaching can fit into a language learning course in any of four ways. Nation 1990: 4 explains those four ways from the most indirect to the
most direct as follows. 1 Material is prepared with vocabula ry learning as a consideration. The most
common examples of this are the preparation of simplified material and the
careful grading of the first lessons of learning English.
2 Words are dealt with as they happen to occur. This means that if an unknown word appears in a reading passage, the teacher gives some attention to it at the
moment it causes a problem. 3 Vocabulary is taught in connection with other language activities. For
example, the vocabulary of reading passage is dealt with before the learners read the passage.
4 Time is spent either in class or out of school on the study of vocabulary without an immediate connection with some other language activities. For
example, time is spent on learning spelling rules or on activities like
dictionary use, guessing words, the use of word parts or list learning.
The method in vocabula ry learning is “grading” Nation, 1982. It means the grades in learning vocabulary are constructed based on many factors, such as
time needed to learn, number of words to be learned, the difficulty of words and the repetition of the words. These factors should be the consideration for choosing
the appropriate strategy in vocabulary learning. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
2.1.2.5 Techniques of Vocabulary Teaching
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