MAXIM FLOUTING IN NON – FORMAL DEBATE SHOWS ON INDONESIAN’S TV CHANNELS.
MAXIM FLOUTING IN NON – FORMAL DEBATE SHOWS
ON INDONESIAN’S TV CHANNELS
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
RIZAL ABDILLAH HARAHAP
Registration Number: 8116111018
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POST GRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2017
ABSTRACT
Abdillah Harahap, Rizal. Maxim Flouting In Non – Formal Debate Shows On
Indonesian’s Tv Channels. English Applied Linguistics Study Program. Postgraduate
School. State University of Medan. 2016
This research deals with the maxim flouting namely Quantity, Quality, Manner and Relevance
occurred in Non – formal debate shows in two Indonesian’s TV Channels namely TV One’s
Debat and Metro TV’s Forum Indonesia. The analysis is centered on the flouting of Maxims
that were flouted by the debate’s panelists based on the side of affirmative, negative and
neutral sides and also their reasons. The data were analyzed by using the cooperative principle
theory by Grice. A qualitative research design is suitably used in this study to give in – depth
description and result of analysis. The findings of the analysis about the maxim flouting
occurrences in Indonesian’s TV Channels are: 1) the four maxims namely Quantity, Quality,
Manner and Relevance are occur in the the two non – formal debate show both in TV One and
Metro TV, while the most maxim flouting in both non – formal debate shows is the maxim of
manner which was flouted by the affirmative side in TV One’s Debat, and the by the negative
side in Metro TV’s Forum Indonesia. the maxim flouting of Manner were flouted by the
speakers by giving long, unclear, and wordy answers in their utterances in respond to the
questions that were being asked; or being wordy and unclear with the questions they wanted
to ask; 2)the maxim flouting of Manner were flouted by the speakers by giving long, unclear,
and wordy answers in their utterances in respond to the questions that were being asked; or
being wordy and unclear with the questions they wanted to ask;3)The reason of the
occurrences of the most dominant maxim flouting which is maxim of manner is because the
panelist tend to speak unclearly, wordy, repeatedly, and blurry and also when the opposite
sides discusses the detail and leading questions regarding the sides that they’re representing;
and also in which TV Channel they’re participating and what political view does the TV
channel share.
i
ABSTRAK
Abdillah Harahap, Rizal. Maxim Flouting In Non – Formal Debate Shows On
Indonesian’s Tv Channels. Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah
Pascasarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan. 2016
Penelitian ini membahas tentang pelanggaran Maksim yaitu maksim kuantitas, kualitas, cara,
dan maksim relevansi / hubungan yang terdapat pada acara debat non – formal di dua stasiun
televise Indonesia yaitu Debat di TV One, dan Form Indonesia di Metro TV. Analisis tersebut
berpusat pada pelanggaran maksim yang dilanggar oleh panelis – panelis debat berdasarkan
pihaknya yaitu pihak pendukung, pihak penentang, dan pihak netral; beserta alasan mereka.
Perangkat analisis studi ini berdasarkan pada teori prinsip kerja sama yang dikemukakan oleh
Grice. Rancangan penelitian Qualitatif cock digunakan dalam studi ini agar memperoleh hasil
analisis dan deskriptif yang dalam. Hasil temuan analisis mengenai pelanggaran maksim pada
TV Channel di Indonesia yakni; 1) ke empat maksim yaitu maksim kuantitas, kualitas,
cara,dan relevansi benar terdapat di dalam dua acara debat non – formal yakni masing –
masing di TV One dan Metro TV, sedangkan maksim yang paling banyak dilanggar pada
kedua acara debat non – formal tersebut adalah maksim Cara, yang dilanggar oleh sisi
pendukung di acara Debat di TV One, dan dilanggar pula oleh sisi penentang di acara Forum
Indonesia di Metro TV, Maksim cara dilanggaroleh pembicara dengan memberikan jawaban
yang panjang, tidak jelas dan bertele – tele di ujaran mereka, sebagai respon mereka atas
pertanyaan yang ditujukan kepada mereka; 2)Maksim cara dilanggaroleh pembicara dengan
memberikan jawaban yang panjang, tidak jelas dan bertele – tele di ujaran mereka, sebagai
respon mereka atas pertanyaan yang ditujukan kepada mereka 3) alasan dari kemunculan
maksim yang paling sering dilanggar yakni maksim cara, adalah karena panelis cenderung
bicara dengan tidak jelas, bertele – tele, berulang – ulang, dan kabur; juga pada saaat sisi
penentang bertanya pertanyaan yang mengarah menuju hal – hal yang detil terkait pihak yang
diwakili oleh sisi pendukung, dan juga pada channel TV mana mereka berpartisipasi serta
pandangan politikdari pemilik strasiun TV tersebut.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrahmaanirrahiim
First and Foremost, the writer would like to express his greatest gratitude to Allah SWT,
the Almighty that has given him the ability, health and safety to finish his thesis. May peace and
blessing of Allah SWT be upon Prophet Muhammad SAW who introduced us Islam as the way
to bring greatness to the world.
Foremost, the writer would like to express his sincere gratitude to his advisors, Prof. Dr.
Sumarsih, M.Pd. and Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd. for the support and guidance to finish
this thesis; for their assistance, advices, time and immense knowledge given to the writer.
Moreover the writer would like to express his tanks to the examiners, Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani,
M.Pd, Dr.Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum and Dr. Didik Santoso, M.Pd. for their suggestions,
comments and questions for the thesis improvement.
The writer would also like to express his gratitude to Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed as the
head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum. as
the secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program who assisted him in processing the
administration requirements during the process of his studies in the Postgraduate School of the
State University of Medan, and not to forget special thanks to all lecturers of the English
Applied Linguistics Study Program who have given their valuable knowledge to him in their
lectures.
Sincere gratitude are expressed to his parents, Muchlis Harahap and Tuty Nasution, and
also his sister Yunita Mutiara harahap for their support, care and unconditional love. For always
encouraging the writer to finish what he has started, for being the reasons of this Thesis
accomplishment. For being an example of what patience and love are for a child like the writer.
The writer would also like to express his gratitude to his beloved partners, best friends
the crew of Pixel Dash, Salnath, Iman and Yanagi for their never ending – encouragement,
support, love, and wishes towards the writer. For the crew of DFC, Yudi, Ferry and Gepenk for
being his best friends since 2003, may we grow old together;also for his older brothers Rahmat
Saleh and Ahmad Affandy, for always being there for the writer when he needed supports and
helps. The writer would also like to thank his mentor in art ko Henry, for his patience and
understanding for the writer, Yogei noojin and the Jurung Academy for giving their support
towards the writer. The writer also would like to thank his classmates, English Applied
Linguistics XX – A, Vidya Zati, Erwinsyah, Adib, Hikmah Sudanti, Dyta, and Pak Agus for the
prayer, support, love, laughs, and the wonderful years of friendship.
Those whose names cannot be mentioned one by one, the writer would also like to say
thanks for their help and support. Thanks for everything. May Allah SWT bless us. Amin.
Medan, 9 maret 2017
Rizal Abdillah Harahap
TABLE OF CONTENTS
pages
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………… i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………… v
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………… viii
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………………. ix
LIST OF APPENDICES………………………………………………………………….. x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
The Background of the Study……………………………… ……………. 1
1.2
The Problem of The Study……………………………………………....
10
1.3
The Objectives of The Study …………………………………………….
11
1.4
The Scope of The Study …………………………………………………
11
1.5
The Significance of The Study …………………………………………..
11
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Conversational Maxim……………………………………………………
13
2.1.1 Non – observed Cooperative Principle …………………………..
13
2.1.2 Maxim Flouting …………………….……………………………
14
2.2 Types of maxim flouting …………………………………………………..… 14
2.2.1 maxim flouting of Quality………………………………….……
15
2.2.2 maxim flouting of Quantity………………………………………… 16
2.2.3 maxim flouting of Manner……………………………………..
16
2.2.4 maxim flouting of Relevance…………………………………….
17
2.3 Process of Maxim Flouting ……………………………………………….
18
2.3.1 The Process of Flouting the Maxim of Quantity…….……………… 19
2.3.2 The Process of Flouting the Maxim of Quality……………………
20
2.3.3 The Process of Flouting the Maxim of Relevance…….…………… 21
2.3.4 The Process of Flouting the Maxim of Manner…….……………….. 22
2.4 Reasons for maxim flouting Occurrences………………………………..
22
2.4.1 Factors Affecting Maxims in Natural Conversation……………… 23
2.4.1.1 Particular Topic………………………………………......
23
2.4.1.2 Different culture and tradition in Language……………
24
iii
2.4.1.3 Getting other’s trust……………………………………..
25
2.4.1.4 Showing up the knowledge and avoiding confrontation.
26
2.4.1.5 Avoiding deep evaluation………………………………
27
2.5 Political Discourse and the Use of Implicature ………………………….
29
2.6 Journalism Ideology………………………………………………………..
32
2.6.1 Media ownership and TV Ideology……………………………….
33
2.7. Formal Debate and Non – Formal debate…………………….……… ……. 38
2.7.1 Formal Debate ……………………………………………………
38
2.7.2 Non – Formal Debate ……………………………………………..
41
2.7.3 Debate in Indonesia and in Indonesia’s Mass Media…………….
42
2.7.3.1 TV One and the program “Debat”……………………..
44
2.7.3.2 Metro TV and the program “Forum Indonesia”………..
46
2.8 Relevant Studies…………………………………………………………….
48
2.9 Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………..
51
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1
Research Design……………………………………………………………
54
3.2
Data and data source ……………………………………………………..
55
3.3
Technique of data collection ……………………………………………..
56
3.4
Technique of data Analysis……………………………………………….
56
3.5
Trustworthiness……………………………………………………………
59
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS, AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1
Data ……………………………………………………………………...… 63
4.2
Data analysis………………………………………………………………. 63
4.2.1 Types of Maxim Flouting in Non – Formal Debate in
Different TV Channels……………………………………………..
69
4.2.1.1 maxim flouting of Quantity……………………………..
69
4.2.1.2 maxim flouting of Quality………………………………
72
4.2.1.3 maxim flouting of Manner……………………………....
73
4.2.1.4 maxim flouting of Relevance…………………………..
76
4.2.2 Process of the Maxim Flouting……………………………………
79
4.2.2.1 Maxim Flouting of Quantity…………………………….
79
4.2.2.2. Maxim Flouting of Quality ……………………………
80
4.2.2.3 Maxim Flouting of Manner …………………………….
80
4.2.2.4 Maxim Flouting of Relevance …………………………..
81
iv
4.3.2 Reasons of the Maxim Flouting Occurrences…………………......
82
4.4
Findings …………………………………………………………………….. 90
4.5
Discussions…………………………………………………………………. 92
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1
Conclusions……………………………………………………………….
5.2
Suggestions ………………………………………………………………… 96
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………
v
95
98
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix 1. Quantity Maxim Flouting Metro TV………………………………..
101
Appendix 2. Quality Maxim Flouting Metro TV………………………………….
108
Appendix 3. Manner Maxim Flouting Metro TV ……………………………….
111
Appendix 4. Relevance Maxim Flouting Metro TV ……………………………..
115
Appendix 5. Quantity Maxim Flouting TV One………………………………….
120
Appendix 6. Quality Maxim Flouting TV One……………………………………
127
Appendix 7. Manner Maxim Flouting TV One……………………………………
132
Appendix 8. Relevance Maxim Flouting TV One………………………………..
140
Appendix 9. Metro TV’s Forum Indonesia scripted video text………………..
144
Appendix 10. TV One’s Debat scripted video text…………………………….
156
viii
ON INDONESIAN’S TV CHANNELS
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
RIZAL ABDILLAH HARAHAP
Registration Number: 8116111018
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POST GRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2017
ABSTRACT
Abdillah Harahap, Rizal. Maxim Flouting In Non – Formal Debate Shows On
Indonesian’s Tv Channels. English Applied Linguistics Study Program. Postgraduate
School. State University of Medan. 2016
This research deals with the maxim flouting namely Quantity, Quality, Manner and Relevance
occurred in Non – formal debate shows in two Indonesian’s TV Channels namely TV One’s
Debat and Metro TV’s Forum Indonesia. The analysis is centered on the flouting of Maxims
that were flouted by the debate’s panelists based on the side of affirmative, negative and
neutral sides and also their reasons. The data were analyzed by using the cooperative principle
theory by Grice. A qualitative research design is suitably used in this study to give in – depth
description and result of analysis. The findings of the analysis about the maxim flouting
occurrences in Indonesian’s TV Channels are: 1) the four maxims namely Quantity, Quality,
Manner and Relevance are occur in the the two non – formal debate show both in TV One and
Metro TV, while the most maxim flouting in both non – formal debate shows is the maxim of
manner which was flouted by the affirmative side in TV One’s Debat, and the by the negative
side in Metro TV’s Forum Indonesia. the maxim flouting of Manner were flouted by the
speakers by giving long, unclear, and wordy answers in their utterances in respond to the
questions that were being asked; or being wordy and unclear with the questions they wanted
to ask; 2)the maxim flouting of Manner were flouted by the speakers by giving long, unclear,
and wordy answers in their utterances in respond to the questions that were being asked; or
being wordy and unclear with the questions they wanted to ask;3)The reason of the
occurrences of the most dominant maxim flouting which is maxim of manner is because the
panelist tend to speak unclearly, wordy, repeatedly, and blurry and also when the opposite
sides discusses the detail and leading questions regarding the sides that they’re representing;
and also in which TV Channel they’re participating and what political view does the TV
channel share.
i
ABSTRAK
Abdillah Harahap, Rizal. Maxim Flouting In Non – Formal Debate Shows On
Indonesian’s Tv Channels. Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah
Pascasarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan. 2016
Penelitian ini membahas tentang pelanggaran Maksim yaitu maksim kuantitas, kualitas, cara,
dan maksim relevansi / hubungan yang terdapat pada acara debat non – formal di dua stasiun
televise Indonesia yaitu Debat di TV One, dan Form Indonesia di Metro TV. Analisis tersebut
berpusat pada pelanggaran maksim yang dilanggar oleh panelis – panelis debat berdasarkan
pihaknya yaitu pihak pendukung, pihak penentang, dan pihak netral; beserta alasan mereka.
Perangkat analisis studi ini berdasarkan pada teori prinsip kerja sama yang dikemukakan oleh
Grice. Rancangan penelitian Qualitatif cock digunakan dalam studi ini agar memperoleh hasil
analisis dan deskriptif yang dalam. Hasil temuan analisis mengenai pelanggaran maksim pada
TV Channel di Indonesia yakni; 1) ke empat maksim yaitu maksim kuantitas, kualitas,
cara,dan relevansi benar terdapat di dalam dua acara debat non – formal yakni masing –
masing di TV One dan Metro TV, sedangkan maksim yang paling banyak dilanggar pada
kedua acara debat non – formal tersebut adalah maksim Cara, yang dilanggar oleh sisi
pendukung di acara Debat di TV One, dan dilanggar pula oleh sisi penentang di acara Forum
Indonesia di Metro TV, Maksim cara dilanggaroleh pembicara dengan memberikan jawaban
yang panjang, tidak jelas dan bertele – tele di ujaran mereka, sebagai respon mereka atas
pertanyaan yang ditujukan kepada mereka; 2)Maksim cara dilanggaroleh pembicara dengan
memberikan jawaban yang panjang, tidak jelas dan bertele – tele di ujaran mereka, sebagai
respon mereka atas pertanyaan yang ditujukan kepada mereka 3) alasan dari kemunculan
maksim yang paling sering dilanggar yakni maksim cara, adalah karena panelis cenderung
bicara dengan tidak jelas, bertele – tele, berulang – ulang, dan kabur; juga pada saaat sisi
penentang bertanya pertanyaan yang mengarah menuju hal – hal yang detil terkait pihak yang
diwakili oleh sisi pendukung, dan juga pada channel TV mana mereka berpartisipasi serta
pandangan politikdari pemilik strasiun TV tersebut.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrahmaanirrahiim
First and Foremost, the writer would like to express his greatest gratitude to Allah SWT,
the Almighty that has given him the ability, health and safety to finish his thesis. May peace and
blessing of Allah SWT be upon Prophet Muhammad SAW who introduced us Islam as the way
to bring greatness to the world.
Foremost, the writer would like to express his sincere gratitude to his advisors, Prof. Dr.
Sumarsih, M.Pd. and Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd. for the support and guidance to finish
this thesis; for their assistance, advices, time and immense knowledge given to the writer.
Moreover the writer would like to express his tanks to the examiners, Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani,
M.Pd, Dr.Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum and Dr. Didik Santoso, M.Pd. for their suggestions,
comments and questions for the thesis improvement.
The writer would also like to express his gratitude to Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed as the
head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum. as
the secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program who assisted him in processing the
administration requirements during the process of his studies in the Postgraduate School of the
State University of Medan, and not to forget special thanks to all lecturers of the English
Applied Linguistics Study Program who have given their valuable knowledge to him in their
lectures.
Sincere gratitude are expressed to his parents, Muchlis Harahap and Tuty Nasution, and
also his sister Yunita Mutiara harahap for their support, care and unconditional love. For always
encouraging the writer to finish what he has started, for being the reasons of this Thesis
accomplishment. For being an example of what patience and love are for a child like the writer.
The writer would also like to express his gratitude to his beloved partners, best friends
the crew of Pixel Dash, Salnath, Iman and Yanagi for their never ending – encouragement,
support, love, and wishes towards the writer. For the crew of DFC, Yudi, Ferry and Gepenk for
being his best friends since 2003, may we grow old together;also for his older brothers Rahmat
Saleh and Ahmad Affandy, for always being there for the writer when he needed supports and
helps. The writer would also like to thank his mentor in art ko Henry, for his patience and
understanding for the writer, Yogei noojin and the Jurung Academy for giving their support
towards the writer. The writer also would like to thank his classmates, English Applied
Linguistics XX – A, Vidya Zati, Erwinsyah, Adib, Hikmah Sudanti, Dyta, and Pak Agus for the
prayer, support, love, laughs, and the wonderful years of friendship.
Those whose names cannot be mentioned one by one, the writer would also like to say
thanks for their help and support. Thanks for everything. May Allah SWT bless us. Amin.
Medan, 9 maret 2017
Rizal Abdillah Harahap
TABLE OF CONTENTS
pages
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………… i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………… v
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………… viii
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………………. ix
LIST OF APPENDICES………………………………………………………………….. x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
The Background of the Study……………………………… ……………. 1
1.2
The Problem of The Study……………………………………………....
10
1.3
The Objectives of The Study …………………………………………….
11
1.4
The Scope of The Study …………………………………………………
11
1.5
The Significance of The Study …………………………………………..
11
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Conversational Maxim……………………………………………………
13
2.1.1 Non – observed Cooperative Principle …………………………..
13
2.1.2 Maxim Flouting …………………….……………………………
14
2.2 Types of maxim flouting …………………………………………………..… 14
2.2.1 maxim flouting of Quality………………………………….……
15
2.2.2 maxim flouting of Quantity………………………………………… 16
2.2.3 maxim flouting of Manner……………………………………..
16
2.2.4 maxim flouting of Relevance…………………………………….
17
2.3 Process of Maxim Flouting ……………………………………………….
18
2.3.1 The Process of Flouting the Maxim of Quantity…….……………… 19
2.3.2 The Process of Flouting the Maxim of Quality……………………
20
2.3.3 The Process of Flouting the Maxim of Relevance…….…………… 21
2.3.4 The Process of Flouting the Maxim of Manner…….……………….. 22
2.4 Reasons for maxim flouting Occurrences………………………………..
22
2.4.1 Factors Affecting Maxims in Natural Conversation……………… 23
2.4.1.1 Particular Topic………………………………………......
23
2.4.1.2 Different culture and tradition in Language……………
24
iii
2.4.1.3 Getting other’s trust……………………………………..
25
2.4.1.4 Showing up the knowledge and avoiding confrontation.
26
2.4.1.5 Avoiding deep evaluation………………………………
27
2.5 Political Discourse and the Use of Implicature ………………………….
29
2.6 Journalism Ideology………………………………………………………..
32
2.6.1 Media ownership and TV Ideology……………………………….
33
2.7. Formal Debate and Non – Formal debate…………………….……… ……. 38
2.7.1 Formal Debate ……………………………………………………
38
2.7.2 Non – Formal Debate ……………………………………………..
41
2.7.3 Debate in Indonesia and in Indonesia’s Mass Media…………….
42
2.7.3.1 TV One and the program “Debat”……………………..
44
2.7.3.2 Metro TV and the program “Forum Indonesia”………..
46
2.8 Relevant Studies…………………………………………………………….
48
2.9 Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………..
51
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1
Research Design……………………………………………………………
54
3.2
Data and data source ……………………………………………………..
55
3.3
Technique of data collection ……………………………………………..
56
3.4
Technique of data Analysis……………………………………………….
56
3.5
Trustworthiness……………………………………………………………
59
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS, AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1
Data ……………………………………………………………………...… 63
4.2
Data analysis………………………………………………………………. 63
4.2.1 Types of Maxim Flouting in Non – Formal Debate in
Different TV Channels……………………………………………..
69
4.2.1.1 maxim flouting of Quantity……………………………..
69
4.2.1.2 maxim flouting of Quality………………………………
72
4.2.1.3 maxim flouting of Manner……………………………....
73
4.2.1.4 maxim flouting of Relevance…………………………..
76
4.2.2 Process of the Maxim Flouting……………………………………
79
4.2.2.1 Maxim Flouting of Quantity…………………………….
79
4.2.2.2. Maxim Flouting of Quality ……………………………
80
4.2.2.3 Maxim Flouting of Manner …………………………….
80
4.2.2.4 Maxim Flouting of Relevance …………………………..
81
iv
4.3.2 Reasons of the Maxim Flouting Occurrences…………………......
82
4.4
Findings …………………………………………………………………….. 90
4.5
Discussions…………………………………………………………………. 92
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1
Conclusions……………………………………………………………….
5.2
Suggestions ………………………………………………………………… 96
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………
v
95
98
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix 1. Quantity Maxim Flouting Metro TV………………………………..
101
Appendix 2. Quality Maxim Flouting Metro TV………………………………….
108
Appendix 3. Manner Maxim Flouting Metro TV ……………………………….
111
Appendix 4. Relevance Maxim Flouting Metro TV ……………………………..
115
Appendix 5. Quantity Maxim Flouting TV One………………………………….
120
Appendix 6. Quality Maxim Flouting TV One……………………………………
127
Appendix 7. Manner Maxim Flouting TV One……………………………………
132
Appendix 8. Relevance Maxim Flouting TV One………………………………..
140
Appendix 9. Metro TV’s Forum Indonesia scripted video text………………..
144
Appendix 10. TV One’s Debat scripted video text…………………………….
156
viii