Management of Collection Preservation

159 Living Indigenous Knowledge for Sustainable Tomorrow: A Case Study of North-East in India Engaging Stakeholders Researcher’s Presentation on North East Culture During this interactive session four scholars from different disciplines comprising of Biotechnology, Commerce, Culture Studies and History participated. They presented their research topic and the areas covered in their field of research. The discussions were focus upon potential new areas of integrated study that can be explored related to Indigenous Knowledge. Technical Session- 3: Research Management Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Biodiversity: A North East Perspective Panel Discussion on Sustainability North East Cultural Resource Management IndiaIGNCA’s Arabic Manuscript Collection in relation to Indology Building Digital Library at IGNCA The session discussed about the rich biodiversity of the region. Several varieties of medicinal plant species that are endemic to the North East region were highlighted, this common flora were extensively used by locals to effectively treat various ailments and diseases. Aspects of threats and destruction to this rich flora wealth were discussed. The need for support by the government towards the protection of these endemic plants by providing funds, land for cultivation and assisting their activities with professional guidance were deliberated. This interactive and thought provoking session were participated by subject experts in the field of cultural resource management. They brainstormed and debated on the topic, the policy issues involved initiatives and steps undertaken by the state government and higher education authority. Some of the initiatives undertaken by the school board like incorporating lessons on Mizo culture as part of the curriculum in the schools were mentioned. Some of the key takeaway from the discussion highlighted was need to support local ethnic artisans and musicians to promote and preserve local talent at the state level. Need to create interactive information portal for proper standard documentation to collect, collate and disseminate resources on cultural heritage was recommended. The session highlighted the present scenario of Arabic language. Also presented the huge documentation initiative undertaken by IGNCA to collect, document, archive and disseminate it. The session showcased the massive process involved in building up a digital library and information repository in IGNCA as part of the cultural resource management and preserving cultural history. Various technologies that were implemented, types of resources digitized, uploaded and made accessible were presented. Technical Session- 5: North East Folklore and Musical Instruments Music from the valley of Assam- by Ethnomusicologist Music from the hills of Mizoram- Dept. of Art and Culture, Govt. of Mizoram It was a vibrant lecture cum demo presentation by well known ethnomusicologist bringing to life the unique ethnic musical instruments of the Assam that are designed and carved out of bamboos, clay. The session also brought into focus the need to frame strategies that can promote local artisans and musicians of the NE. Professional tribal artists played on various types of ethnic musical instruments and performed folk dance and exhibit the vibrant cultural expressions of the tribal community. Contd... Curation and Management of Cultural Heritage through Libraries 160 Technical Session- 6: Research Innovation and Communication Copyright of cultural resources in Digital Era Research writing- IPR Issues, Knowledge Management Referencing Technique Critical Knowledge Transfer: Knowledge Management Cases Role of copyright and intellectual property rights in cultural resource management, recognition of the creator, protection of their rights were discussed. The session elaborated upon various styles and format of technical and academic writing, types of abstracts, research articles, thesis and dissertations. Basic issues and attributes related to technical writing and principles of academic writing, issues related to author on importance of credible citations, referencing and plagiarism. Demonstration on referencing tools both open source and proprietor softwares like Zotero, Mendeley, Refworks, Endnote. This session deliberated upon different types of Knowledge Management Systems through case study presentation. The discussion focus on the process involved in developing a strong knowledge repository, technologies or software options available various other administrative challenges to consider, and overall benefits to stakeholder in supporting quality research through the knowledge management system were discussed. Figure3. Glimpses of the workshop References Berkes F. 1999. Sacred Ecology, Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management, Taylor Francis, Philadelphia, PA Day, R. E. 2005. Clearing up “implicit knowledge”: Implications for knowledge management, information science, psychology, and social epistemology. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 566, 630-635. Deka, Neelotpal. 2014. Traditional Knowledge in North-East India: scope for a sui generis Protection- The Clarion 31: 92-97 Kelly G. AIATSIS. 2005. Report on Threats to the Practice and Transmission of Traditional Knowledge Regional Report: Asia and Australia, Phase II of the Composite Report on the Status and Trends Regarding the Knowledge, Innovation and Practices of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities relevant to the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity, UN Doc: UNEPCBDWG8J4INF4, p 25. Mapara,J. 2009. Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Zimbabwe: Juxtaposing Postcolonial Theory [Online] UNESCO 2002. Best Practices in using Indigenous Knowledge. [Online] Available from http:www.unesco.orgmostBpikpub2.pdf Accessed 2014 Feb 10 Mazzocchi, F.2006. Western science and traditional knowledge: Despite their variations,different forms of knowledge can learn from each other. EMBO Reports, 75, 463–466. 161 Living Indigenous Knowledge for Sustainable Tomorrow: A Case Study of North-East in India Nakashima D. and Bridgewater P. 2000.Tapping into the World’s wisdom. [Online] Available from www.unesco.org educationhsfmodstheme_cmod11.html Accessed 2014 Mar 10 Owiny, Sylvia A; Mehta, Khanjan; Maretzki, Audrey N. 2014.Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non- commercial No Derivatives by-nc-nd.International Journal of Communication 8: 234–247 OER Africa.2012. Indigenous Knowledge [Online] Available from http:www.oerafrica.orgkeywordsindigenous- knowledge Accessed 2014 Feb 10 P Polanyi, M. 1974. Personal knowledge: Towards a post-critical philosophy. Chicago: University of Chicago Poorna, R Lakshmi; Mymoon M; Hariharan A. 2014. Preservation and protection of traditional knowledge – diverse documentation initiatives across the globe, Current Science 107: 1246 Polanyi, M. 1967.The tacit dimension. Garden City, NY: Anchor. Sylvia A, Owiny; Khanjan, Mehta; Audrey N, Maretzki.2014. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non- commercial No Derivatives by-nc-nd.International Journal of Communication 8: 234–247 UNESCO.2000. Indigenous knowledge sustainability. [Online] Available from http:www.unesco.orgeducation tlsfmodstheme_cmod11.html Accessed 2014 Feb 10 World Bank.1997. World Development Report 1997: The State in a Changing World. http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiIndigenous_knowledge accessed on 12 October 2015 http:www.irititja.com accessed on 16 October 2015 http:www.koreantk.comenm_aboutabout_01.jsp?about=1 accessed on 15 October 2015 http:www.mdoner.gov.incontentcomprehensive-tourism-master-plan accessed on 13 October 2015 http:www.mdoner.gov.incontentne-region accessed on 14 October 2015 http:www.scidev.netdossiersindex.cfm?fuseaction=dossierfulltextDossier=7 accessed on 14 October 2015 http:www.sciencevision.orgcurrent_issuedlLalmuanpuii.pdf Accessed on 12 February 2016 http:www.tkdl.res.intkdllangdefaultcommonHome.asp?GL=Eng accessed on 15 October 2015 http:www.wipo.intedocspubdocsentk912wipo_pub_912.pdf accessed on 14 October 2015 http:www.wipo.inttkenfolkloreaccessed on 16 October 2015 Providing References through Cultural Preservation Conservation 18 The Role of Borobudur Conservation Centre Library in Providing References for Composing Cultural Object Studies Result Report Atin Istiarni 1 Rizki Shofak Isnaini 2 Abstract Cultural heritage has its own interest for people around the world. The trend of making cultural heritage tourism object is rising. Cultural heritage is divided into, at least, four forms, which one of them is cultural preservation object like temple. The basic nature of the object which surely can be damaged and obsolete as the result of weather, environment, or the material, takes a reservation. Borobudur Conservation Center is a central institution under the patronage of the Directorate General for Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, which especially carries out studies and researches of cultural heritage conservation. Borobudur Conservation Center is a center of conservation research and training. Researchers, both from Borobudur Conservation Center and out of the institution have to do series of researches and studies before undertaking conservation, which have to be documented in study results reports. Researches take written references in forms of book, journal, proceeding, or the previous researches. Therefore, Borobudur Conservation Center provides library for researchers to find out references needed in writing study results reports. This article describes the role of the library of Borobudur Conservation Center in providing references for conservation researchers to write their research results reports. This research belongs to qualitative research. The data collection is done by interview and observation. The informant in this research is the librarian of Borobudur Preservation and Conservation Center. The validity and reliability use triangulation method combined with interview and observation technique. The data analysis is from the interview and observation result reduction. The observation result shows that the library of Borobudur Conservation Center has roles in providing references for researchers especially for the collection of research results reports. Keywords : cultural heritage, conservation, Research Results Reports, library of Borobudur Conservation Center. Introduction Culture always be the main tourism in the world. Through cultural tourisms, people can see the local wisdom of ancient people to be learnt for recent and future life. Heritages, in any forms, are important not only as an identity of a city and country but also having economic value as well as giving social effects Setiawan, 2010:700. The economic effect is on the economic rising of the local people and the people who take advantage of the cultural tourism, and the social effect is on the increase of the people concerns in preserving the cultural heritage. Cultural heritage reservation and conservation on each kind of heritage forms are not the same. The difference of treatments requires researches before undertaking actions. The maintenance activities of a construction are not only maintaining the construction physically but also activities that cover technical and administrative aspects in maintaining and restoring the function of the construction properly. The problems that commonly 1 Muhammadiyah Magelang University atinistiarniyahoo.com 2 Muhammadiyah Magelang University rizkishofakisnainigmail.com Curation and Management of Cultural Heritage through Libraries 166 appear in maintaining a construction are dealing with historical values, either city architecture or culture of a nation, which have to be confronted to several functional demands, the construction’s techniques and performance, or regulation, and even ownerships Setiawan, 2010:700. Indonesia is a country with many kinds of cultures, either in the form of construction, inscription, dances, manuscripts, and others. According to Mudra 2008, there were four forms which can be identified and categorized as cultural heritage. The first, is physical form or cultural material. This first form was including all human creation object, starting from small size objects to huge objects from the badge of Sultan NataSintang Kingdom, songket, keris, to Borobudur temple, for exampleThe second form was behavioral patterns which represented the customs of certain cultures. This second form included daily routine, such as eating, working, learning, praying habits, to the habits deal with community activities, like ceremonies or ngabenritual for Balinese people. The third format was more abstract then the two previous forms. These value systems or views of life can be life philosophy or local wisdom of a community in perceiving and giving meaning to the surroundings. Besides, in the context of cultural heritage here, there was another form of heritage which is the fourth form, the environment. In order to make the cultural heritages able to be enjoyed by the next generation and to respect the ancestors, therefore, preservation is needed. In relation to cultural heritage preservation, in Indonesia, preservation center, conservation center, as well as cultural heritage center, have been established and given authority to undertake cultural heritage preservation. Those who work in the institutions must be the professionals in the field of cultural preservation. The institution established particularly to undertake cultural heritage conservation is Borobudur Conservation Center, which is located in the area of Borobudur Temple in Magelang, Central Java. In spite of the name, Borobudur Conservation Center also handles the conservation of the whole cultural heritage objects, which are mostly located in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. Borobudur Conservation Center is the center of cultural heritage owned by Indonesia. The library of Borobudur Conservation center is division in charge to collect and organize the books published on its own, which contains information about Borobudur temple and references about cultural heritage conservation. The results of researches done by Borobudur Conservation Center’s researchers in form of Research results reports must be submitted to the library. The reports submitted also become references for students, lecturers, as well as researchers who are going to work on researches or development of researches that have been conducted. Cultural Heritage, Preserved Cultural Object, and Conservation Community was established through long history, winding road, step by step, trial and error. In a particular point there were heritage that exist or were recorded up to now, which then became cultural heritage Karmadi, 2007:1. The social life of the previous community, which was recorded, became an existing culture that was useful for the next community and became a priceless heritage. Culture is a system from behavior patterns which are inherited socially that works to connect human community to their ecological environment. The existence of culture gives understanding in the transformation process between the nature and human and the form of transformation result between the nature and human. Culture Budaya comes from the Sanskrit, buddayah, which is the plural form of buddhimind or intelligence interpreted as things that deal with human’s creation, feels, and intention Tim Elmatera, 2010: iii.Relative comprehensive divination of culture can be found out in the Mexico Declaration about cultural politic on international conference held by UNESCO in Mexico City, on July 26 until August 6, 1982 which stated that culture as a unit of characteristics of spiritual, material, intellectual, and affective, which distinguishes a community or social group. Culture is an important characteristic of human being, which distinguishes human beings from animal. It is only human that can give meaning to something and the thing which is given meaning is a symbol of human’s creation, and this symbolizing process creates culture, so that culture here can be defined as: a set or the whole symbols used or owned by human in their lives to be able to do reproduction and tackle the surrounding, which is obtained through learning process in their lives as members of a community. 167 The Role of Borobudur Conservation Centre Library in Providing References for Composing The word cultural heritage is familiar to us. These words appear intensely in our daily lives, through informal conversation or mass media. Cultural heritages of any form are part of culture since they are sets of collective symbols owned by the earlier generation. Here, the remains of a culture can be defined as a set of collective symbol inherited from earlier generations of the collective owners of these symbols Mudra, 2008. Cultural heritages appear in various forms. they can be objects, writings, symbols, and others with various media, like wood, leather, and stone. Cultural heritages in form of both small and large objects are called cultural heritage object. One of the famous cultural heritages in Indonesia is temple. Beside temple, archaeological remains of early humans are also scattered throughout Indonesia. As a cultural heritage, it certainly need for conservation, because of the nature of the object that will definitely damage and weathering due to the factors of weather, environment, and the material of the object..Damages are used to describe that a structure has lost some part or all of its strength, a situation describes destruction, characterized by cracks, crash, loss of components, permanent deformation, and the condition is caused by mechanical action.While decay or deterioration is material change, which usually tends to resilience reduction, decrease of fragility, and material loss, which are usually starting from outside and work into the material, and the main deterioration is caused by physical, chemical, and biological actions. Therefore, cultural heritage object need to be conserved. Conservation, according to KamusBesarBahasa Indonesia Bahasa, 2015 2005:589, is regular maintenance and protection to something to prevent damage and extinction by preservation. Conservation is done to prevent damage in the future. Conservation 2014:32 Purnawibowo, 2014 is one of the efforts in preserving a cultural heritage or archaeological remain that has not been appointed as cultural heritage. One of them are material conservation of archeological remains by using local wisdom of the people live around the archeological remains. Material conservation is an effort done toward material objects from the past so that the object can be preserved. Conservation areas Hendro, 2015 can be empowered through advertisement, entertainment, and tourism, which are not contrary to the principle of conservation, so that the areas can support their own lives, and moreover, can gain people’s and government’s incomes. Art galleries, cafe, music club, culinary, restaurants, or others are activities can be offered to support these areas. Implementation of conservation treatment on cultural heritage objects cannot be done arbitrarily. It takes researches and studies on the cultural heritage object to be conserved.These researches are conducted in the field and in the laboratory to conduct a material study on objects of cultural heritage and any materials that can be used for the conservation of a cultural heritage object. It is conducted procedurally and gradually, starting from the preparation of proposals, conducting research, examination and preparation of research reports. Special Library Collection Service Special library is a library which has a collection with special subjects. The Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 43 Year 2007 on the Library states that special libraries provide library materials in accordance with the needs of the library users. The function of the special library Qalyubi, 2007 is as an information center that has the following characteristics: a. Having a comprehensive information, both standard and non-standard, b. easier and efficient supervision in the subject field. c. having a greater role in the publishing business reports for review and research, d. there is a specialist subject e. the service technique develops technology and documentation using computer f. a centre responsible for all information services and subsystems Curation and Management of Cultural Heritage through Libraries 168 The tasks of Special library of government institution Indonesia, 2009 are: a supporting the implementation of the tasks of their chief institutions in the form of provision of library materials and access to information; b collecting publications from and about their chief institutions; c providing library and information service; d utilizing information and communication technologies to support the duty of the library; e improving information literacy. Special library collections Cahyono, 2016 collections that the subject is in accordance with the purpose of the library, can support its chief institution’s activity. A special library collection is not emphasized on the amount of library material or type of publishing, but emphasized on the quality of the collection. The updated collections information services dissemination supports information search. Development of special library collection emphasizes on some types of library materials such as reference, textbooks, magazines, scientific journals, studies and the like in a specialized field, either in printed form or other recording media. Special library services Cahyono, 2016 should be able to provide more value to users and its chief organizations institution. Therefore, library managers need to always provide alternatives in the delivery of information to users. The service aspects becomes important to note because of the demands of the presentation of information that is fast, accurate and always be available. The type of special library services can be open or closed, depending on the policy of the organization, managers and types of users. Most special library implement open systems with limited access. This is to give more opportunities to the wider use but still be controlled. Open means that anyone can take advantage of the existing collection, while limited access is the regulation of the process of collections utilization, such as borrowing and reading facilities, photocopy, and so forth. Research Model This study was a qualitative study. The data collection was done by interview and observation. Informant in this study was a librarian at the library of Borobudur Preservation and Conservation Center.The validity and reliability used triangulation method by combining the interview and observation techniques. Analysis of data was from interviews and observations reduction. Discussion General Description of Borobudur Conservation Center Borobudur Study and Conservation Center was founded in 1991. Based on The Regulation of Minister of Culture and Tourism number: PM.40OT.001MKP-2006 dated September 7, 2006, the name changed into BalaiKonservasiPeninggalan Borobudur Borobudur Heritage Conservation Center. In 2011 the cultural sector was back to join the Ministry of Education and Culture, under the guidelines of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 55 Year 2012 again changed its name to Borobudur Conservation Center up to now. Borobudur Conservation Center is a technical implementation unit of Ministry of Education and Culture in the field of conservation and preservation of Borobudur temple. Its function is as a center for education and training of technical personnel in the field of conservation and restoration. Some supporting facilities and technical personnel who master the field of conservation, restoration and conservation, delivering Borobudur Conservation Center to become implementer of technical training of conservation and restoration of national and international institutions. Borobudur Conservation Center also help the conservation of historical and archaeological heritage throughout Indonesia, even in Southeast Asian countries. Borobudur Conservation Center, equipped with various supporting facilities, especially since Borobudur has been designated as World Heritage World Heritage with No. 5921992. Borobudur Conservation Center has a chemical, microbiology, physical petrography laboratory and SEM scanning electron microscope and a field laboratory. The existence of this laboratory is to develop various methods of conservation and