Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis JAB|Vol. 24 No. 2 Juli 2015| administrasibisnis.studentjournal.ub.ac.id
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3. Return On Equity ROE
Criteria: ROE is efficient if the difference between
the actual ROE with the budgetted ROE is positive, meanwhile it is not efficient if the
difference between them is negative. Cause:
Table 4 The Difference between The Actual ROE and the Budgetted ROE of PT.
Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero Year of 2011-2013
Year Actual
A Budgetted
B Difference
A-B Note
2011 14,22 11,39
2,83 Efficient
2012 25,66 14,55
11,11 Efficient
2013 8,79
12,39 -3,60
Not Efficient
Source: Data processed, 2015
Based on the result above, the lowest percentage difference is on 2013 which is -
3,60. The decreasing shows that PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero only gets
less return because of the decreasing profit in 2013.
Effect: The low result of ROE in 2013 makes all the
shareholders that invest on PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero get less return if it is
compared with the year of 2011 and 2012.
3.2 Analysis to examine the effectivity of
financial function
a. Achievement Rate of Income
Criteria: The effectivity based on income can be defined
as effective if the achievement rate is equal or more than 90-100.
Cause:
Achievement Rate
Year 2011
2012 2013
Income 105,4 95,72 89,78
Source: Data processed, 2015
Based on the result above, it shows that the highest effectivity based on income is on 2011,
while the lowest is on 2013 which is 89,78. The company’s goal is accomplished enough if
it looked on valuation percentage towards the achievement rate on 2011 and 2012 which stated
good if it reaches equal or more than 90- 100.
Effect: The ability of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X
Persero to earn more income than the target can be used as motivation to earn bigger income
in the next period.
b. Measurement of Liquidty Ratio
1. Current Ratio
Criteria: Current ratio is effective if the difference
between the actual current ratio with the budgetted
current ratio
is positive,
meanwhile it is not effective if the difference between them is negative.
Cause:
Table 6 The Difference between The Actual Current Ratio and the Budgetted Current
Ratio of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero Year of 2011-2013
Year Actual
A Budgetted
B Difference
A-B Note
2011 133,84 123,06
10,78 Effective
2012 150,16 407,31
- 257,15
Not Effective
2013 141,81 696,24
- 554,43
Not Effective
Source: Data processed, 2015
Based on the result above, it shows that the current ratio in 2011 is effective. While it is
not effective in 2012 and 2013 because the difference between the actual current ratio
and the budgetted curent ratio is negative. Effect:
Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis JAB|Vol. 24 No. 2 Juli 2015| administrasibisnis.studentjournal.ub.ac.id
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accomplished the company’s goal as planned yet. PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X
Persero has more current liabilities than the target causing it gets small percentage of
the current ratio.
2. Quick Ratio
Criteria: The normal quick ratio for PT. Perkebunan
Nusantara X Persero is more than or equal 100.
Cause:
Table 7 Quick Ratio of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero Year of 2011-2013
Year 2011
2012 2013
Quick Ratio 105,4 95,72 89,78
Source: Data processed, 2015
Based on the result above, the quick ratio of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero
show fluctuation year by year. In 2011, it is 94,89 which is not effective. In 2012, it is
decreasing into 90,42 which is still not effective. In 2013, it is increasing into
111,50 which shows that the ratio is effective.
Effect: Based on the result, the quick ratio of PT.
Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero can be determined as not effective so it can not
fulfill its current liabilities which are already on due date without the sales of its
inventories, even though in 2013 PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero is
capable.
c. Measurement of Solvability Ratio
1. Debt Ratio
Criteria: Debt ratio is effective if the difference
between the actual debt ratio with the budgetted debt ratio is negative, meanwhile
it is not effective if the difference between them is positive.
Cause:
Table 8 The Difference between The Actual Debt Ratio and the Budgetted Debt Ratio of
PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero Year of 2011-2013
Year Actual
A Budgett
ed B Difference
A-B Note
2011 51,88
52,08 -0,2
Effective 2012
47,41 52
-4,59 Effective
2013 61,32
41,72 19,6
Not Effective
Source: Data processed, 2015
The table above shows that the debt ratio in 2013 is not effective. PT. Perkebunan
Nusantara X Persero is indicated not being able to fund company’s activities without
the help from creditor. Effect:
PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero uses more funding from creditor than using
company’s own capital to fund company’s activities.
2. Coverage Ratio
Criteria: Coverage ratio is effective if the difference
between the actual coverage ratio with the budgetted coverage ratio is positive,
meanwhile it is not effective if the difference between them is negative.
Cause:
Table 9 The Difference between The Actual Coverage Ratio and the Budgetted Coverage
Ratio of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero Year of 2011-2013
Year Actual
A Budgetted
B Difference
A-B Note
2011 5,85 times 4,68 times 1,17 times Effective
2012 16,64
times 5,85 times
10,79 times
Effective
2013 7,56 times 8,33 times -0,77
times Not
Effective
Source: Data processed, 2015
The coverage ratio in 2013 is not effective and PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero
can be stated as not being able to cover its loan interst in 2013.
Effect: In 2013, PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X
Persero is not able to cover its loan interest so the company is in debt to cover it.
d. Measurement of Activity Ratio
1. Inventory Turnover
Criteria:
Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis JAB|Vol. 24 No. 2 Juli 2015| administrasibisnis.studentjournal.ub.ac.id
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Table 10 Inventory Turnover of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero Year of 2011-2013
Year 2011
2012 2013
Inventory Turnover
55,83 times
34,24 times
70,80 times
Source: Data processed, 2015
The inventory turnover of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero is relatively unstable.
The decreasing of it in 2012 indicates that there are inventories build-up in the
company. Effect:
The results of the inventory turnover make PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero
needs to change its policy in managing inventories so that the inventories do not
accumulate and can be faster to change them into revenue which will also affect on
company’s profit. 2.
Average Collection Period Criteria:
Average collection
period of
PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero towards
receivables is 4 months or 120 days. Cause:
Table 11 Average Collection Period of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero Year of
2011-2013
Year 2011
2012 2013
Average Collection
Period 130,44
days 147,81
days 234,21
days
Source: Data processed, 2015
The company’s average collection period during 2011-2013 can be stated as not
effective. They are not stable and can be classified as slow collection receivables
because they are always increasing year by year.
Effects: The slow collection receivables show that
PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero needs to be more strict in handling
company’s receivables. If it keeps going on, it will cause loss to the company. Therefore,
PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero has to remanage its receivables managing.
3. Fixed Assets Turnover
Criteria: Fixed assets turnover is effective if the
difference between the actual fixed assets turnover with the budgetted fixed assets
turnover is positive, meanwhile it is not effective if the difference between them is
negative. Cause:
Table 12 The Difference between The Actual Fixed Assets Turnover and the Budgetted
Fixed Assets Turnover of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero Year of 2011-2013
Year Actual
A Budgett
ed B Difference
A-B Note
2011 354,43 197,18
157,25 Effective
2012 262,81 165,91
96,90 Effective
2013 182,58 234,60
-52,02 Not
Effective
Source: Data processed, 2015
Based on the result above, the table shows that the ratio in 2011 and 2012 is already
effective. While in 2013, it is not effective because the result is negative.
Effect: PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X Persero is
not effective yet in using its fixed assets and has not succeeded yet in optimalizing the
use value from fixed assets.
3.3 Analysis to examine the economization of
