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7.2.3 Drainage
The removal of waste and contaminated water from an abattoir operation is a significant component of the hygiene and life or durability of the plant.
Drains that can be cleaned out from one side of the plant to the other, and with a service pit at each end to allow ease of access for rodding or high pressure water
cleaning, are imperative. The pits are normally square concrete structures with sealed metal covers suitably vented. Cross drains would normally be 150mm
diameter pipes with branch drains to pick up floor waste points being 85-100mm diameter, depending on the materials and drainage system used refer drg. 17.
Materials for subfloor drains would be cast iron, stainless steel or high quality vitreous clay sewer pipe. Plastic piping systems have been used but only in sewer
grade materials that are able to withstand high temperature water 90°C max and mechanical cleanout.
Drainage systems are not designed for a calculated expected flow rate, but are sized for the type of materials, animal parts and waste that may find its way into the
collection system in much the same way as a domestic sewer. Drain slopes of approximately 1:100 are preferred on collector runs.
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Manure drains are usually sized at 250 to 300 mm diameter with 1:50 to 1:70 slope to a screening pit. Blood drains are typically 100mm diameter to pump pits.
Pumped effluent lines will generally be 75mm diameter with long radius bends and matched flange or clamped joints at appropriate lengths to facilitate dismantling for
cleanout in the event of blockage. Floor waste outlets will be P or S traps or equivalent basket traps. These provide a
water seal to effectively isolate the drainage system from operating areas. Floor wastes are to be located as indicated on the drawings provided refer drg.
15 and will be set at a level which allows drainage from sloped floor slabs without puddling and with seals that ensure water does not bypass the metal drain. No
plastic material floor drainage piping or outlets should be used in an abattoir building as they are subject to damage and leakage, and are difficult to clear.
Any equipment requiring a drain is to have its own dedicated equipment drain. No equipment is to drain across floors to general floor waste outlets
All equipment with waste water discharge will be fitted with P or S traps, or bottle traps above floor level as they are normally 45-50mm diameter and susceptible to
blockage. The exposed trap allows access for cleanout. These waste traps are preferably manufactured from stainless steel or similar material as they will be
subject to dismantling on a regular basis. The layout drawings show slot drains in the area of the dressing cradles that collect
from flat plain floor areas that discharge uniformly into the slot drain refer to slot drain detail in Drg. 16, detail E396.
The slot will discharge into a number of basket trap drains along its length. These are positioned to collect hand wash water which flushes out the slot drain to
remove manure from hides, blood and fat that accumulate along the length of the cradle. This avoids waste laying on floors and feeding to a single waste drain under
each bed which would become blocked. Blood drains will consist of an open trough drain with a square pattern non skid
cover that can be raised for cleaning out the blood, usually with a plastic or rubber wiper. This would run under the Halal stick area with a collector to run onto the
dressing floor to collect blood from the carcass hanging position noted for head removal as shown in Drg 15.
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7.2.4 Lighting
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