Waste management Building and services 1 Services and infrastructure

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7.3 Waste management

Waste streams are kept separate in three categories. 1. Red stream - blood and blood wash water 2. Green stream - containing paunch, intestinal contents and wash water. This stream does not contain any fat or blood. 3. Plant waste stream- solids and fatty material with washwater Sewage from site amenities is to be kept completely separate from abattoir waste streams. Disposal of this stream is not considered in this project. Red Stream Blood represents a significant source of biological load to the effluent treatment system. It is proposed that the blood and blood wash water be collected in a separate blood pit, and pumped into a tanker or intermediate bulk container to be taken offsite. It may be necessary to add an anti-coagulant to avoid small volumes solidifying. Blood can typically be disposed of as animal feed or as a fertiliser. If no beneficial use can be found for the blood, it should be handled as liquid waste and disposed of appropriately at an off-site disposal facility. It is understood that blood cannot be sold under Islamic codes. Plant Waste Stream The general abattoir trade waste stream consists of equipment and floor wash water. It is expected to contain blood, fat and small pieces of meat product. Waste water treatment proposed will involve the following:  Screening 0.5mm to 0.75mm with a manually cleaned screen or strainer to remove larger solids.  Treatment through a non-chemical dissolved air flotation DAF system to remove a major proportion of the fat and solids that may be in that waste stream.  Depending on locations and circumstances, the effluent may be passed through anaerobic and aerobic ponds for treatment prior to disposal to irrigated agriculture or discharge to municipal waste system.  Discharged to irrigated agriculture in rural areas. Note that the temperature of effluent through the DAF should be less than 40°C to maximise the capture of fat. Screened solids and DAF skimmings should be incinerated on site in the condemned product incinerator. Page 73 of 100 Yards Manure Disposal Cattle yards will be cleaned manually with a shovel and scraper. For this reason, this stream is expected to be relatively small, consisting primarily of wash water that is required to keep the yard drains clear. Manure is to be taken offsite to be used for fertiliser. Following basic manual screening settling pit or simple screen, this stream will join the plant waste stream at exit from the anaerobic and aerobic ponds prior to discharge to appropriate irrigated agriculture. Green Stream The paunch content material and paunch wash water will drain to a green stream collection system consisting of a concrete bunker located outside the building adjacent to the white offal area as shown in Drg 17. The bunker has a basic screen system to allow excess wash water to drain, separating solids from liquid which would be pumped to the plant’s DAF treatment system part of the plant waste stream treatment system. Space is provided for a vehicle to pull alongside the bunker for solids to be loaded out manually. The material is taken offsite to be composted or for use directly as fertiliser. Bunker volume will be matched to expected removal truck capacity and frequency. Green waste paunch contents and manure may be collected and used to generate biogas for water heating. A number of projects in Indonesia support the construction of collection and processing systems to recover biogas and this would be an appropriate disposal technique for these materials from a small abattoir site. The resulting solid waste can then be further used as fertilizer. Condemned Material Any meat, bone or offal that is identified as being affected by disease or physical bruising that makes it unacceptable for human consumption should be retained on site and disposed of by a process that ensures that it cannot re-enter the food chain. It is recommended that all such materials be destroyed using an on-site incinerator. This should be designed so as to handle all condemned materials as well as solids from the effluent screen and skimmings from the DAF system. . Page 74 of 100

7.4 Amenities