Macroeconomics : (uneployment, inflation & growth)
Macroeconomics:
(Unemployment, Inflation, & Growth)
Book:
Michael Parkin. 2003. Macroeconomics. Sixth Edition. Pearson Education.
Inc. USA.
William A. Mceachern. Makro Ekonomi; Pendekatan Kontemporer. 2000.
Salemba Empat.
Empat Jakarta.
Jakarta
Sadono Sukirno. Makroekonomi; Teori Pengantar. 2004. Edisi Ketiga. Pt.
Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta.
By : Ir. Agus Supandi S. SE Msi.
UNEMPLOYMENT
Labor
L
b F
Force
- Those working/willing to work
Unemployed
- Lose their job & search for another job
- Leave their jjobs & search for another jjob
- Enter or reenter the labor force to search for
a job
Measurement of Unemployment
Total
Population
288,600,000
Under 16
and/or
institutionalized
74,700,000
Not in
l b
labor
force
71 400 000
71,400,000
134,200,000
Employed
Unemployed
8,300,000
Unemployment
rate
t
=
labor force
unemployed
x 100
MEASUREMENT OF UNEMPLOYMENT
UNEMPLOYMENT
T
Types
off Unemployment
U
l
t
Frictional
Unemployment
Structural Unemployment
Cyclical Unemployment
Full-Employment Rate of Unemployment
Natural Rate of Unemployment (NRU)
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Unemployment Rates 5 Industrial Nations 1992 - 2002
15
France
UK
U.K.
10
German
Germany
U.S.
Japan
5
0
1992
1997
2002
Source: Economic Report of the President, 2003
INFLATION
Defined and Measurement
• Is a process in which the price
level is rising & money is
l i value
losing
l
• Rate of inflation calculated
using index numbers
TYPES OF I N FLATI ON
D EM AN D - PULL I N FLATI ON
Th a t in cr e a se a gr e ga t e de m a n d, su ch a s a n
•Increase in the quntity of money
•Increase in g
government
purchases
h
•Increase in exports
TYPES OF I N FLATI ON
COST- PUSH I N FLATI ON
•Can result from any factor that
decreases agregate supply
•Its
I main
i sources are increasing
i
i
wage rates and increasing prices
of key raw materials
•Rising Per-Unit Production Costs
Consumer Price Index
Price of most recent market
basket in the particular year
CPI =
x 100
Price of the same market
basket in 1982-1984
Measuring Inflation
I n fla t ion
rate
=
(CPI this year – CPI last year)
CPI last
l t year
x 100
ANTICIPATED INFLATION
11%
=
+
5%
Nominal
Interest
Rate
Real
Interest
Rate
6%
Inflation
Premium
ECONOMIC GROWTH
•Improved Products and Services
•Added Leisure
•Other Impacts
•Relative International Growth Rates
SUPPLY DETERMINANTS
OF REAL OUTPUT
•Size of
employed
labor force
•Average hours
of work
Labor
Inputs
(Hours
of Work)
X
•Technological
advance
Labor
•Quantity of capital Productivity
•Education and
(Average
training
Output
•Allocative
All
i
Per Hour)
efficiency
•Other
=
REAL
GDP
GROWTH IN THE AD-AS MODEL
ASLR1 ASLR2
C
Price Level
Capital G
Goods
A
B
D
Consumer Goods
Q1 Q2
Real GDP
ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE
EXTENDED AD – AS MODEL
ASLR1
ASLR2
AS2
Pricce Level
AS1
P2
P1
AD2
AD1
o
Q1
Real GDP
Q2
PEAK
Le
evel of bu
usiness a
activity
RECESSION
Time
TROUGH
RECOVERY
Phases of the Business Cycle
THE BUSINESS CYCLE
Case Study & Group Discution: Gunakan Teknologi Internet/ Text
B k u// mnjawab
Book
j
b pertanyaan-pertanyaan
t
t
b ik t ini.
berikut
i i
Unemployment:
¾ Sejauhmana pemerintah perlu menekan pengangguran? Apakah
sampai pengangguran mencapai nol persen?
¾ Pengangguran yg bagaimanakah yg dapat ditolerir?
¾ Berapa persen pengangguran dari angkatan kerja yg dpt dianggap baik?
I nflation 1:
¾ Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) menggunakan 45 Kota utk mensurvai harga2,
kota kota manakah yg disurvai?
kota-kota
¾ Berapa komoditas total produk yg disurvai?
¾ Dikelompokkan dlm berapa kategori, komoditas tsb?
¾ Apakah jumlah kota & jenis komoditas tsb, tlh menjadi patokan yg tetap?
Case Study & Group Discution: Gunakan Teknologi Internet/ Text
B k u// mnjawab
Book
j
b pertanyaan-pertanyaan
t
t
b ik t ini.
berikut
i i
I nflation 2:
¾ Inflasi dapat dikategorikan: Single digit inflation, Galloping Inflation
dan Hyperinflation.
¾ Jelaskan mengenai inflasi tsb, penyebabnya, & bagaimana efek
thd kepercayaan orang pada uang negara tsb?
I nflation 3:
¾ Carilah data inflasi Indonesia dan beberapa negara utk
perbandingan. Data yg diinginkan minimal sejak tahun 2000 s.d
2005.
¾ Analisis besarnya inflasi Indonesia & perbandingkan dengan
negara2 lain.
¾ Berikan komentar Anda terhadap data tsb?
Case Study & Group Discution: Gunakan Teknologi Internet/ Text
B k u// mnjawab
Book
j
b pertanyaan-pertanyaan
t
t
b ik t ini.
berikut
i i
Produk Nominal & Riil:
¾ Carilah data PDB Indonesia: Nominal dan riil. Data dapat dimulai
sejak tahun 2000 s.d minimal 2005.
¾ Carilah nilai riil PDB dan pertumbuhan PDB Indonesia.
¾ Berikanlah komentar terhadap pertumbuhan PDB tsb, bila perlu
gunakanlah pembanding dari negara lainnya.
Ketentuan:
¾ Waktu utk mengerjakan + Diskusi kelompok maksimum 30 menit.
¾ Hasil kelompok dikirimkan via e-mail ke: [email protected].
¾ Setelah semua jjawaban diterima,, akan dilakukan p
pembahasan soal.
Selamat bekerja
(Unemployment, Inflation, & Growth)
Book:
Michael Parkin. 2003. Macroeconomics. Sixth Edition. Pearson Education.
Inc. USA.
William A. Mceachern. Makro Ekonomi; Pendekatan Kontemporer. 2000.
Salemba Empat.
Empat Jakarta.
Jakarta
Sadono Sukirno. Makroekonomi; Teori Pengantar. 2004. Edisi Ketiga. Pt.
Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta.
By : Ir. Agus Supandi S. SE Msi.
UNEMPLOYMENT
Labor
L
b F
Force
- Those working/willing to work
Unemployed
- Lose their job & search for another job
- Leave their jjobs & search for another jjob
- Enter or reenter the labor force to search for
a job
Measurement of Unemployment
Total
Population
288,600,000
Under 16
and/or
institutionalized
74,700,000
Not in
l b
labor
force
71 400 000
71,400,000
134,200,000
Employed
Unemployed
8,300,000
Unemployment
rate
t
=
labor force
unemployed
x 100
MEASUREMENT OF UNEMPLOYMENT
UNEMPLOYMENT
T
Types
off Unemployment
U
l
t
Frictional
Unemployment
Structural Unemployment
Cyclical Unemployment
Full-Employment Rate of Unemployment
Natural Rate of Unemployment (NRU)
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Unemployment Rates 5 Industrial Nations 1992 - 2002
15
France
UK
U.K.
10
German
Germany
U.S.
Japan
5
0
1992
1997
2002
Source: Economic Report of the President, 2003
INFLATION
Defined and Measurement
• Is a process in which the price
level is rising & money is
l i value
losing
l
• Rate of inflation calculated
using index numbers
TYPES OF I N FLATI ON
D EM AN D - PULL I N FLATI ON
Th a t in cr e a se a gr e ga t e de m a n d, su ch a s a n
•Increase in the quntity of money
•Increase in g
government
purchases
h
•Increase in exports
TYPES OF I N FLATI ON
COST- PUSH I N FLATI ON
•Can result from any factor that
decreases agregate supply
•Its
I main
i sources are increasing
i
i
wage rates and increasing prices
of key raw materials
•Rising Per-Unit Production Costs
Consumer Price Index
Price of most recent market
basket in the particular year
CPI =
x 100
Price of the same market
basket in 1982-1984
Measuring Inflation
I n fla t ion
rate
=
(CPI this year – CPI last year)
CPI last
l t year
x 100
ANTICIPATED INFLATION
11%
=
+
5%
Nominal
Interest
Rate
Real
Interest
Rate
6%
Inflation
Premium
ECONOMIC GROWTH
•Improved Products and Services
•Added Leisure
•Other Impacts
•Relative International Growth Rates
SUPPLY DETERMINANTS
OF REAL OUTPUT
•Size of
employed
labor force
•Average hours
of work
Labor
Inputs
(Hours
of Work)
X
•Technological
advance
Labor
•Quantity of capital Productivity
•Education and
(Average
training
Output
•Allocative
All
i
Per Hour)
efficiency
•Other
=
REAL
GDP
GROWTH IN THE AD-AS MODEL
ASLR1 ASLR2
C
Price Level
Capital G
Goods
A
B
D
Consumer Goods
Q1 Q2
Real GDP
ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE
EXTENDED AD – AS MODEL
ASLR1
ASLR2
AS2
Pricce Level
AS1
P2
P1
AD2
AD1
o
Q1
Real GDP
Q2
PEAK
Le
evel of bu
usiness a
activity
RECESSION
Time
TROUGH
RECOVERY
Phases of the Business Cycle
THE BUSINESS CYCLE
Case Study & Group Discution: Gunakan Teknologi Internet/ Text
B k u// mnjawab
Book
j
b pertanyaan-pertanyaan
t
t
b ik t ini.
berikut
i i
Unemployment:
¾ Sejauhmana pemerintah perlu menekan pengangguran? Apakah
sampai pengangguran mencapai nol persen?
¾ Pengangguran yg bagaimanakah yg dapat ditolerir?
¾ Berapa persen pengangguran dari angkatan kerja yg dpt dianggap baik?
I nflation 1:
¾ Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) menggunakan 45 Kota utk mensurvai harga2,
kota kota manakah yg disurvai?
kota-kota
¾ Berapa komoditas total produk yg disurvai?
¾ Dikelompokkan dlm berapa kategori, komoditas tsb?
¾ Apakah jumlah kota & jenis komoditas tsb, tlh menjadi patokan yg tetap?
Case Study & Group Discution: Gunakan Teknologi Internet/ Text
B k u// mnjawab
Book
j
b pertanyaan-pertanyaan
t
t
b ik t ini.
berikut
i i
I nflation 2:
¾ Inflasi dapat dikategorikan: Single digit inflation, Galloping Inflation
dan Hyperinflation.
¾ Jelaskan mengenai inflasi tsb, penyebabnya, & bagaimana efek
thd kepercayaan orang pada uang negara tsb?
I nflation 3:
¾ Carilah data inflasi Indonesia dan beberapa negara utk
perbandingan. Data yg diinginkan minimal sejak tahun 2000 s.d
2005.
¾ Analisis besarnya inflasi Indonesia & perbandingkan dengan
negara2 lain.
¾ Berikan komentar Anda terhadap data tsb?
Case Study & Group Discution: Gunakan Teknologi Internet/ Text
B k u// mnjawab
Book
j
b pertanyaan-pertanyaan
t
t
b ik t ini.
berikut
i i
Produk Nominal & Riil:
¾ Carilah data PDB Indonesia: Nominal dan riil. Data dapat dimulai
sejak tahun 2000 s.d minimal 2005.
¾ Carilah nilai riil PDB dan pertumbuhan PDB Indonesia.
¾ Berikanlah komentar terhadap pertumbuhan PDB tsb, bila perlu
gunakanlah pembanding dari negara lainnya.
Ketentuan:
¾ Waktu utk mengerjakan + Diskusi kelompok maksimum 30 menit.
¾ Hasil kelompok dikirimkan via e-mail ke: [email protected].
¾ Setelah semua jjawaban diterima,, akan dilakukan p
pembahasan soal.
Selamat bekerja