Performance of Friesian Holstein Cross Post Colostrums’ Calves Reared Under Free Choice Feeding System
Performance of Friesian Holstein Cross Post Colostrums’ Calves
Reared Under Free Choice Feeding System
D. Diapari*, L. Khotijah, K. B. Satoto & R. Perdanayudha
Department of Nutrition and Feed Tecnology, Faculty of Animal Science
Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
*e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the free choice feeding technique on
performance of Frisian Holstein Cross POST colostrums calves on early weaning
programs. Six FH calves were divided into two feeding systems. Half of them were
fed with mix diet and another half were subjected to free choice diet. Mix diet consists
of 38.65% corn, 28.98% wheat brand, 28.98% soybean meal and 3.39% mineral
mix. The free choice diets consisted of corn, wheat brand, soybean meal, coconut
meal and mineral mix served in separate feeding buckets. The data obtained were
analyzed using analysis of variance and any significant differences were subjected
to T-Test. There were no significant different on dry matter intake, total digestible
nutrient, fiber, Ca and P intakes, weight of weaning calves and feed efficiency
between the treatment, but the treatment were significantly affected the protein
intake, milk intake, weaning time and body weight gain. It was concluded that the
free choice diets technique provide nutrients to support a good performance of FH
calf on early weaning program.
Key words : free choice diet, Friesian Holstein, performance, rearing
Introducton
Although post colostrums calves rearng program by a large farm who have
good records of producton hstory s one of busness opportunty to provde good
qualtes of bulls and cows replacement stocks, but the program s hgh-rsk. Ths s
caused by the fact that rasng calves from brth to weanng s one of the most dffcult
perods of cattle husbandry. The greatest rsk n ths perod s dsease and mortalty
factors. The mportant strategy to reduce the rsk s through feedng management.
Management of feedng that approprate wth calf requrement before weanng wll
affect ts producton performance later on.
Nowadays, varaton program to formulate ratons have been used by many
feed producers, but the programs do not guarantee the balance between the raton
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
473
prces wth ther economcal mpact to the farmer. To fnd a sutable feed formula n
the feld, free choce feedng technque can be used.
Free choce feedng technque would provde a freedom for lvestock to choose.
In ths case, pre-weanng calf wll choose feed usng ther nstnct. Kesken et al.
(2004) stated that free choce feedng technque mproved anmal welfare through
nutrents requrement fulfllment. Free choce feedng technque also provded
the opportunty for calves to make ther own feed formula to support ther rumen
development and make them comfort (Ncol, 1997).
Ths study was desgned to get the most proper starter raton formula for
calves rearng program whch could satsfy calves requrements, enhance calves
performance and mprove effcency of feed utlzaton.
Materal and Methods
Ths study used 6 male weanng calves of Frsan Holsten (FH) hybrd wth
ntal body weght of 38.34 ± 2.34 kg. The calves were reared n ndvdual cage.
Two feedng systems were employed as treatments, namely 1) the free choce feedng
system (FCFS) and 2) the complete mx feedng system (CMFS). In both systems,
smlar feed ngredents were offered. They were maze, pollard, Soybean meal,
coconut meal, salt, CaCO3, premx and fresh mlk.
The calves were dvded nto two groups and eachgroup conssted of three
calves (as replcatons). The frst group was subjected to the FCFS treatment, whle
second group was gven the CMFS treatment. The calves were kept n ndvdual
cages and observed for 46 days.. The feeds were offered ad lbtum every day from
6:00 am to 07:00 pm. Each calf was gven 4 ltres mlk, twce a day, 2 lters n the
mornng and 2 lters n the afternoon. Drnkng water were provded ad lbtum.
Results and Dscusson
Dry Matter and Nutrient Intake
Average of feed and nutrents ntake of both feedng systems was shown n
table 1. The data analyss showed that the treatments had no effect on the dry matter
ntake (DMI). The DMI of CMFS treated calves were 710.12 g/head/day or equal to
1.47% body weght (BW) whle DMI of FCFS treated calves were 940.83 g/head/
day (2.02% BW)\ These ntakes satsfed DMI requrement of calves accordng
NRC (2001) feedng standard. Accordng to NRC (2001), dry matter requrement
for 30 - 60 kg BW calf wth 0.4 - 0.6 kg average daly gan (ADG) was 560-1040 g/
head/day (1.4% -1.7% BW). The FCFS treated calves obtaned dfferent ngredent
compostons from the CMFS treated calves. Proporton of soybean meal consumed
by FCFS treated calves was hgher (80%) than consumed by the CMFS (28.98%),
whle the proportons of corn and pollard consumed by the FCFS treated calves
474
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
were lower (15% and 4%, respectvely) than the CMFS treated calves (38.65% and
28.98%, respectvely).
The calves fed wth FCFS had opportunty to choose ngredents wth hgh
proten content such as soybean meal to satsfy ther proten requrement. The
ngredent was consumed much more than corn, pollard, and coconut meal whch
contan less proten. Although, maze, pollard, and coconut meal contaned less
proten than soybean meal, ther ntrogen free extract (NFE) content was hgher.
Forbes (1995) stated that hgh content of NFE n feed lowered ts consumpton. He
also proved that soybean meal had better palatablty than other materals. Table 1
showed that CP consumpton of FCFS treated calves were sgnfcantly hgher (P <
0.05) than of the CMFS treated calves, but n both systems, consumpton of total
of dgestble nutrents (TDN), crude fber (CF), Ca, and P were not sgnfcantly
dfferent. Sutard (1981) stated that CP requrement of 1–4 months calves wth
30-64 kg BW were 120-210 g/head/day, whle accordng to NRC (2001), the CP
requrement for calves wth 30 - 60 kg BW and 0.4-0.6 kg ADG were 141-217 g/head/
day. Raton consumed by the CMFS treated calves satsfed ther CP requrement
based on Sutard (1981) and NRC (2001) recommendatons. The calves consumed
195.98 g CP/head/day. The FCFS treated calves however, consumed CP more than
ther requrements (303.84 g/head/day).
TDN content of feed ngredents ranged from 67.9% to 83.2% whle TDN of
mlk was 129%. Accordng to NRC (2001), TDN requrement for calf wth 30–60
kg BW and 0.4–0.6 kg ADG was 0.82-1.21 kg. TDN consumptons n ths study
were 669.29 g/head/day (CMFS treatment) and 742.29 g/head/day (FCFS treatment). These results ndcated that proten requrement for lvestock kept n tropcal
regon was dfferent from lvestock n temperate regons.
Although rumnants have the ablty to dgest fber wth ther mcrobe’s help,
but calves do not have such ablty because ther rumen functons have not fully
developed. Therefore, ther ablty to dgest fber s stll low. Boga (2009) showed
Table 1. Average of nutrent consumpton of concentrate starter and mlk (g/head/day)
Treatments
Consumpton
CMFS
Starter
CP
TDN
CF
Ca
P
68.31
247.08
24.05
0.68
2.36
Mlk
127.67
419.21
0
4.34
3.53
FCFS
Total
a
195.98 ± 6.42
669.29 ± 21.78
24.01 ± 2.26
6.96 ± 0.08
5.98 ± 0.28
Starter
Mlk
Total
176.17
323.08
21.15
1.36
2.75
127.67
419.21
0
4.34
3.53
303.84 ± 54.98b
742.29 ± 103.94
21.15 ± 6.87
9.65 ± 0.45
6.30 ± 1.03
Dfferent superscrpt n the same lne means sgnfcantly dfferent (P
Reared Under Free Choice Feeding System
D. Diapari*, L. Khotijah, K. B. Satoto & R. Perdanayudha
Department of Nutrition and Feed Tecnology, Faculty of Animal Science
Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
*e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the free choice feeding technique on
performance of Frisian Holstein Cross POST colostrums calves on early weaning
programs. Six FH calves were divided into two feeding systems. Half of them were
fed with mix diet and another half were subjected to free choice diet. Mix diet consists
of 38.65% corn, 28.98% wheat brand, 28.98% soybean meal and 3.39% mineral
mix. The free choice diets consisted of corn, wheat brand, soybean meal, coconut
meal and mineral mix served in separate feeding buckets. The data obtained were
analyzed using analysis of variance and any significant differences were subjected
to T-Test. There were no significant different on dry matter intake, total digestible
nutrient, fiber, Ca and P intakes, weight of weaning calves and feed efficiency
between the treatment, but the treatment were significantly affected the protein
intake, milk intake, weaning time and body weight gain. It was concluded that the
free choice diets technique provide nutrients to support a good performance of FH
calf on early weaning program.
Key words : free choice diet, Friesian Holstein, performance, rearing
Introducton
Although post colostrums calves rearng program by a large farm who have
good records of producton hstory s one of busness opportunty to provde good
qualtes of bulls and cows replacement stocks, but the program s hgh-rsk. Ths s
caused by the fact that rasng calves from brth to weanng s one of the most dffcult
perods of cattle husbandry. The greatest rsk n ths perod s dsease and mortalty
factors. The mportant strategy to reduce the rsk s through feedng management.
Management of feedng that approprate wth calf requrement before weanng wll
affect ts producton performance later on.
Nowadays, varaton program to formulate ratons have been used by many
feed producers, but the programs do not guarantee the balance between the raton
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
473
prces wth ther economcal mpact to the farmer. To fnd a sutable feed formula n
the feld, free choce feedng technque can be used.
Free choce feedng technque would provde a freedom for lvestock to choose.
In ths case, pre-weanng calf wll choose feed usng ther nstnct. Kesken et al.
(2004) stated that free choce feedng technque mproved anmal welfare through
nutrents requrement fulfllment. Free choce feedng technque also provded
the opportunty for calves to make ther own feed formula to support ther rumen
development and make them comfort (Ncol, 1997).
Ths study was desgned to get the most proper starter raton formula for
calves rearng program whch could satsfy calves requrements, enhance calves
performance and mprove effcency of feed utlzaton.
Materal and Methods
Ths study used 6 male weanng calves of Frsan Holsten (FH) hybrd wth
ntal body weght of 38.34 ± 2.34 kg. The calves were reared n ndvdual cage.
Two feedng systems were employed as treatments, namely 1) the free choce feedng
system (FCFS) and 2) the complete mx feedng system (CMFS). In both systems,
smlar feed ngredents were offered. They were maze, pollard, Soybean meal,
coconut meal, salt, CaCO3, premx and fresh mlk.
The calves were dvded nto two groups and eachgroup conssted of three
calves (as replcatons). The frst group was subjected to the FCFS treatment, whle
second group was gven the CMFS treatment. The calves were kept n ndvdual
cages and observed for 46 days.. The feeds were offered ad lbtum every day from
6:00 am to 07:00 pm. Each calf was gven 4 ltres mlk, twce a day, 2 lters n the
mornng and 2 lters n the afternoon. Drnkng water were provded ad lbtum.
Results and Dscusson
Dry Matter and Nutrient Intake
Average of feed and nutrents ntake of both feedng systems was shown n
table 1. The data analyss showed that the treatments had no effect on the dry matter
ntake (DMI). The DMI of CMFS treated calves were 710.12 g/head/day or equal to
1.47% body weght (BW) whle DMI of FCFS treated calves were 940.83 g/head/
day (2.02% BW)\ These ntakes satsfed DMI requrement of calves accordng
NRC (2001) feedng standard. Accordng to NRC (2001), dry matter requrement
for 30 - 60 kg BW calf wth 0.4 - 0.6 kg average daly gan (ADG) was 560-1040 g/
head/day (1.4% -1.7% BW). The FCFS treated calves obtaned dfferent ngredent
compostons from the CMFS treated calves. Proporton of soybean meal consumed
by FCFS treated calves was hgher (80%) than consumed by the CMFS (28.98%),
whle the proportons of corn and pollard consumed by the FCFS treated calves
474
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
were lower (15% and 4%, respectvely) than the CMFS treated calves (38.65% and
28.98%, respectvely).
The calves fed wth FCFS had opportunty to choose ngredents wth hgh
proten content such as soybean meal to satsfy ther proten requrement. The
ngredent was consumed much more than corn, pollard, and coconut meal whch
contan less proten. Although, maze, pollard, and coconut meal contaned less
proten than soybean meal, ther ntrogen free extract (NFE) content was hgher.
Forbes (1995) stated that hgh content of NFE n feed lowered ts consumpton. He
also proved that soybean meal had better palatablty than other materals. Table 1
showed that CP consumpton of FCFS treated calves were sgnfcantly hgher (P <
0.05) than of the CMFS treated calves, but n both systems, consumpton of total
of dgestble nutrents (TDN), crude fber (CF), Ca, and P were not sgnfcantly
dfferent. Sutard (1981) stated that CP requrement of 1–4 months calves wth
30-64 kg BW were 120-210 g/head/day, whle accordng to NRC (2001), the CP
requrement for calves wth 30 - 60 kg BW and 0.4-0.6 kg ADG were 141-217 g/head/
day. Raton consumed by the CMFS treated calves satsfed ther CP requrement
based on Sutard (1981) and NRC (2001) recommendatons. The calves consumed
195.98 g CP/head/day. The FCFS treated calves however, consumed CP more than
ther requrements (303.84 g/head/day).
TDN content of feed ngredents ranged from 67.9% to 83.2% whle TDN of
mlk was 129%. Accordng to NRC (2001), TDN requrement for calf wth 30–60
kg BW and 0.4–0.6 kg ADG was 0.82-1.21 kg. TDN consumptons n ths study
were 669.29 g/head/day (CMFS treatment) and 742.29 g/head/day (FCFS treatment). These results ndcated that proten requrement for lvestock kept n tropcal
regon was dfferent from lvestock n temperate regons.
Although rumnants have the ablty to dgest fber wth ther mcrobe’s help,
but calves do not have such ablty because ther rumen functons have not fully
developed. Therefore, ther ablty to dgest fber s stll low. Boga (2009) showed
Table 1. Average of nutrent consumpton of concentrate starter and mlk (g/head/day)
Treatments
Consumpton
CMFS
Starter
CP
TDN
CF
Ca
P
68.31
247.08
24.05
0.68
2.36
Mlk
127.67
419.21
0
4.34
3.53
FCFS
Total
a
195.98 ± 6.42
669.29 ± 21.78
24.01 ± 2.26
6.96 ± 0.08
5.98 ± 0.28
Starter
Mlk
Total
176.17
323.08
21.15
1.36
2.75
127.67
419.21
0
4.34
3.53
303.84 ± 54.98b
742.29 ± 103.94
21.15 ± 6.87
9.65 ± 0.45
6.30 ± 1.03
Dfferent superscrpt n the same lne means sgnfcantly dfferent (P