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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Surface grinder is a very important machine tool as grinding is a chip-removal process. It can be used to grind either hardened or unhardened workpieces. Generally it is the last
operations performed on manufactured products to give a good finish of the surface. However, the grinder also gives effects the metallurgy changes, which due to
temperature rising during the surface grinding process.
Temperature rising in grinding can adversely affect the surface properties. Because of the thermal expansion and contraction, the temperature gradient can cause to distortion.
The work expanded in grinding process mainly converted to heat, which the peak temperature during grinding may be as high as 1650°C Kalpakjian, 1984. However, the
time involve during grinding and producing chip is very short, which is microseconds, where melting might even not be occur. Therefore, the heat generated during sliding and
ploughing conducted most into the workpiece. The heat produced cool rapidly with the help of coolant. This generated heat lead to cause of surface properties which in this
study is hardness.
Hardness is chose because it is among the most critical quality measures, especially in the industries of manufacturing. It is a common test for assessing the mechanical
properties of material. It also defined as resistance to scratching or wear. Hardness can
2 be created with a number of manufacturing processes, which make it a crucial property
to be examined attentively. Various techniques have been developed to measure the hardness of materials using indenters and geometries, such as Brinell, Vickers and
Rockwell. However, the resistance to the indentation is depends on the shape of indenter and the load applied.
1.2 Objective
There will be two objectives that will be executed, which are: a
The following parameters will be examined to determine the material property of hardness; depth of cut, the type of material and, feed rate.
b Analysis of the relationships of the parameters and the hardness property will
then analyse by using MINITAB.
1.3 Scope of study
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