Rene Wellek and Austin Warren in Theory of Literature said that, Literature is a social institution, using as its medium language, a social
creation. Such traditional literary devices as symbolism and metre are social in their very nature. They are conventions and norms such could have arisen
only in society. But, furthermore, literature represents „life‟ and „life‟ is, in larger measure, social reality, even though the natural world and the inner or
subjective world of the individual have also been objects of literary
„imitation‟ Wellek and Warren, 1956: 94. It can conclude that literature is one language media for human to create
some literary works. Literature is also become the representation of human‟s
life. Since most part human life is surrounded by society and consists of social reality, literature is also become the representation of social reality. As the
human being who lives in particular society, the author can be the source of information where she or he comes from. He may tell about what happened in
hisher life through the art work or literature. It is also said that
“Much common approach to the relations of literature and society is the study of works of literature as a social document and as
assumed pictures of social reality ”Wellek and Warren, 1956:102.
It means that literature is picture of social reality the author himself. Author‟s
life is closely related with society.
4. Review of the Japanese Immigrants in the US in 19
th
Century
The first generation Issei of Japanese immigrant wanted to get their better life and future in the United States. So, they did everything to earn the
money, such as: Became low wages farmer. Their condition changed after Unites States made rules of immigrations for Japanese nationals that made the
bulk of the Japanese immigrant. The issei Japanese imigrant women had to face the hard life in the United States to fulfill their family need. The laws that
made the burden for Japanese immigrant, such as: They had to borrow the child‟s name to own the land.
The arrival of Japanese immigrants were caused by some problems, such as in the below:
Despite their attempts to prove their “Americanness,” both Nisei and Issei were targeted in the anti-Japanese hysteria that swept the country with the
onset of World War II
archive.vancouver.wsu.edu.
So, Japanese did the immigration because of the World War II influence. They were also affected by the World War II that announced the Anti-Japanese.
They became a victim by the World War II. Because of the problem above, Japanese immigrant had to face the difficulties.
They had to life far from families and friends. They also had to hard work to survive in the United States. All of these were because they were life isolated.
They lived in the very simple house not really good. In addition, they must received their condition, whether good or not.
Many Issei women were dissapointed with their new homes, far for families and friends, which often required enduring discrimination and hard work to
survive
archive.vancouver.wsu.edu.
They also worked hard in order to adjust with their society and to get the job, although it is hard and difficult for them. The cause of this problem was the
development of grow of the Japanese immigrant significantly. They were also must face the sober job as a farmer. For example, they must received the job as a
farmer or land worker in a person‟s house although got the small wages or salary. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
By the 1920s, the numbers of Japanese American families had grown significantly, and a high percentage had moved from migratory work to
own businesses or farm
archive.vancouver.wsu.edu.
So, the Japanese immigrants‟ arrival had grown significantly. United States
government gave the limited job for them because of it. The effect to Japanese immigrant from the problem above is discrimination because of the law or rule,
especially about the land. The Issei also sought to retain the rightful places in communities by
circumventing discriminatory state laws that banned their owning or leasing land. Some immigrant residents sub-leased land from American
citizens and other registered land in the name of their Nissei children who were American citizen because of birth
archive.vancouver.wsu.edu.
Japanese immigrants had to face many difficulties and problems because of the rules from United States government. Their land owning and validation became
disturbed and difficult. They looked for many ways so that they Japanese immigrant and their family got the validate land. This is for the sake of the
welfare and survival in the United States. They became work harder so that they could survive in the United States.
5. Theoretical Framework
The problem formulations are answered by some theories. First, is the Theory of Character and Characterization. The theory of character is to
determine who character in the story. Theory of characterization is to determine how the character is described in the story. The theory of Character
and Characterization is used to answer the first problem formulation. First PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
