autoethnography, ethnographic observation observing people enacting culture, analysis of documents and material culture, and visual analysis e.g. interpretation
of mediated text such as films or television program, as technique of data collecting. Then, the object of this research is dialogues, cinematography, plot,
and characterization of Gondry’s Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind film, the research uses analysis of documents and material culture as its data collecting
technique. Therefore, there are some steps to collect the data as follows. 1.
Watching Gondry’s Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, 2.
scrutinizing the cinematography of the film, the dialogue, and the scenes of the film,
3. comparing the cinematography, the dialogue, the scene, and the plot of the
film to the concept of postmodern theory and Denzin’s postmodern film theory,
4. making a data sheet based to categorise the data based on the
classification, and 5.
analyzing and interpreting the data.
E. Data Analysis Technique
Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 191 state that in the qualitative research data analysis should occur after the first data are collected because the researcher
checks on working hypothesis, unanticipated result, and so on. In addition, according to Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 199, there are five research
methods in analyzing the data, namely: ethnography, phenomenology, case study,
textual analysis, and applied research. Among the five methods, the research uses textual analysis as the data analysis technique since it involves the identification
and interpretation of a set of verbal or non-verbal sign. Therefore, to ease in analysing the data, the data are then listed into the table below.
No. Picture Dialogue
Page Category
Meaning
Table 1. List of the Data F. Data Trustworthiness
Since qualitative research is emphasized in human subjectivity, there must be credibility to ensure the findings of qualitative research Vanderstoep and
Johnston, 2009: 179. Therefore, to make sure the quality of the findings, every research must employ a technique which is called triangulation to improve the
data trustworthiness. According to Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 179, triangulation is used to establish validity and reliability of data. Triangulation is
very important as it can reduce the chance of bias in data findings and interpretation. Basically, there are five main types of triangulation:
1. by source: data are collected from different sources, 2. by methods: different data collecting techniques are used,
3. by researcher: involving the use of more than one researcher to analyse data,
4. by theories: considering multiple theories and perspective during data analysis, and
5. by member checking: participants validate the findings of the research. Johnston 2000: 61 adds that to gain the trustworthiness the researcher
can employ different people to try the procedure, if that is practical, systematically asking them to look at the data. Hence, this research uses of the source
triangulation technique in which the research collects data from any particular books related to postmodern culture and Gondry’s Eternal Sunshine of the
Spotless Mind. In addition, the research is triangulated by two English literature students, Andi Saputro and Indra Budi Prabowo, to gain more credibility. Finally,
the results of the triangulated data findings are discussed and consulted to Dr. WidyastutiPurbani, M.A and Rachmat Nurcahyo, M.A as her supervisors.
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CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSIONS
