34 Roman entertainment in which a narrative was sung by a chorus while the
story was acted out by the dancers. 10.
Black Comedy
Black comedy is a form of comedy that tests the boundaries of good taste and moral acceptability by juxtaposing morbid or ghastly
elements with comical ones. 11.
Poor Theatre
Poor theatre is a term coined by Jerzy Grotowski to describe his ideal of the theatre stripped to its barest essentials. The lavish sets, lights
and costumes generally associated with this theatre. Jerzy was insisted that if theatre is to become rich spiritually and aesthetically, it must first be
“poor” in everything that can distract from the actors relationship with the audience Wilson, 1987: 327.
12. Theatre of Fact
Theatre of fact is a term encompasses a number of different types of documentary drama which have developed in the twentieth century.
Theatre of Fact using realistic approach usually deals with social problems. The example of this form such as The Deputy and The
Investigation Wilson, 1987:328
13. Theatre of Cruelty
Theatre of Cruelty is a term advocated by Antonin Artaud through his concept of theatre. Artaud’s visionary concepts of theatre based on
music and rituals which would liberate deep, violent, and erotic impulses.
14. Theatre of the Absurd
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35 Theatre of the Absurd is a term coined by Martin Esslin through in
1961, The Theatre of the Absurd. This term is intended to categorize the number of plays by Beckett, Genet, Ionesco, Albee, and etc which
generally contain the absurdity.
2.2 Ingredients of the Drama
According to G.B Tennyson in his book An Introduction to Drama 1967:9, the way of approaching the drama is to examine the component parts of
the play. As quoted by Tennyson, Aristotle cites six elements as essential to a play: plot, thought, character, diction, music, and spectacle. Plot generally is a
narrative of motivated involved some conflicts which are finally resolved. Kasim, 2005: 28 Thought may refer to the ideas of the story or the theme. Characters
refer to the actors who act the play. Characterization is the author’s way of describing his characters in a literary work; or it is the author’s means of
differentiating one character to another. Kasim, 2005:34 while diction in this context may refer to the dialogues or the script of the drama itself. Then, as
claimed Tennyson, nowadays music is no longer considered as indispensable elements in a play. But in a broad sense, music can stand for rhythm and harmony,
the features we still seek in the drama. The other ingredients are equally necessary both diction and spectacle. By diction, we would understand language in general
and by spectacle, we would understand drama as the area of staging, scenery, costumes, properties and sound effects.
The important thing about the ingredients of a play, claimed Tennyson, is that the elements must be presented in the proper amounts. All the elements must
cohere and they must be directed to a single purpose is that “the whole action of
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