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The Experimental Design Research Variable

3.3 The Experimental Design

The researcher used pretest-posttest control group design it can be diagramed as shown below. R 01 x 02 R 03 04 As can be seen from the diagram, two groups are employed in this design; one group, the experimental group, receives a treatment x while the second group, the control group, does not. The assignment of sample study to both groups is acomplished on a random basis. both group are given a pretest and a posttest-the use of a pretest being the only difference between this design and the previous one. Tuckman, B.W 1978: 132 The result of the study can be seen by the comparison of the two posttest result of the two classes.

3.4 Research Variable

“Variable is something that may or vary or differ” Brown, 1988: 8. According to Brown, there are five variables such as dependent, independent, moderator, control, and interviewing variables. In this research there are two variables, they are independent and dependent variable. The independent variable which is a stimulus variable or input operates either within a person or within his or her environment to affect behavior. It is that factor which is measured, manipulated, or selected by the experimenter to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon. The dependent variable is a response variable or output. It is an observed aspect of the behavior of an organism that has been stimulated. The dependent variable is that factor which is observed and measured to determine the effect of the independent variable, that is, that factor that appears, disappears, or varies as the experimenter introduces, removes, or varies the independent variable. Tuckman 1978:58. The two variables in this research are: 1 Independent variable in this study is the method of teaching written analytical exposition text of both groups. The experimental group is taught by using Indonesia Now video, while the other, the control group is taught by using written text. 2 Dependent variable in this study is the students‟ achievement in the test score.

3.5 Instrument for Collecting Data

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